File delivery over a broadcast network using file system abstraction, broadcast schedule messages and selective reception

ABSTRACT

Methods provide mechanisms for efficiently delivering files over a broadcast system to mobile devices. Files for broadcast may be logically identified as belonging to a directory in a file system. A Broadcast Schedule Message may inform receiver devices of files that will be broadcast at a specified time, as well as describe the files. File may be transmitted in file delivery pipes, which may be of different bandwidth and data rates. Receiver devices configured according to the embodiments may make use of the broadcast schedule message to select files to be received based on the service or application with which the file is associated, and whether the file is new or an update to a previously received file. Receiver devices activate receiver circuitry to capture the files within their advertised broadcast window, and pass the files to be broadcast to applications or services requesting the files.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 61/349,598, entitled “File Delivery Over A BroadcastNetwork Using File System Abstraction, Broadcast Schedule Messages AndSelective Reception” filed May 28, 2010, the entire contents of whichare hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication technologies have seen explosive growth over thepast few years. This growth has been fueled by wireless servicesproviding freedom of movement to the mobile public, and cutting thetether to hardwired communication systems. As a result of serviceenhancements, the popularity of wireless services is expected tocontinue to grow rapidly. A recent addition to wireless communicationservices has been the ability to broadcast television and other contentto receiver devices. Mobile forward-link-only broadcast services allowusers to view multimedia programming, such as television shows, as wellas receive mobile editions of news, entertainment, sports, business, andother broadcast programming, using mobile receiver devices configured toreceive the mobile broadcast transmissions. The growth of multimediabroadcast services represents an attractive communication platform fordelivering a wide variety of content and interacting with users.

SUMMARY

The various embodiments provide systems, devices, and methods forutilizing a broadcast and/or multicast based File Delivery Framework(FDF) to deliver files to applications running on receiver devices.Specifically, the various embodiments provide mechanisms and systems forefficiently delivering files over a broadcast system to receiver devicesusing the FDF service of a broadcast and/or multicast network. Files anddatagram packets for broadcast and/or reception may be advertised inadvance by the broadcast network by broadcasting a Broadcast ScheduleMessage (BSM). BSMs may be transmitted in advance to inform receiverdevices of the files and datagram packets that will be broadcast at aspecified time in the future. The various embodiments utilize the builtin redundancy, error correction and reliability mechanisms provided bythe FDF service to deliver files in a more timely, coherent andeffective manner.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitutepart of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of theinvention, and together with the general description given above and thedetailed description given below, serve to explain the features of theinvention.

FIG. 1 is a communication system block diagram illustrating a mobilemultimedia broadcast communication system and cellular “unicast”communication system suitable for use in an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an alternative representation of a broadcast communicationsystem block diagram of a forward link only broadcast system.

FIG. 3 is a system block diagram of elements of a broadcastcommunication system illustrating functional blocks involved indelivering files via the broadcast network according to an embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an overview system block diagram illustrating major functionalcomponents of the various embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a system block diagram illustrating the ingestion andreception of files for a particular application (a weather application)according to an embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a system block diagram illustrating the ingestion andreception of files for a particular application (an iTV application)according to an embodiment.

FIGS. 7 and 8 are timing diagrams illustrating how broadcast schedulemessages may be transmitted to inform receiver devices of the timing andreception parameters of particular files transmitted in a broadcastpipe.

FIG. 9 is an example data structure suitable for use in a broadcastschedule message.

FIG. 10 is another example data structure suitable for use in abroadcast schedule message.

FIG. 11 is a timing diagram illustrating how the next monitor time datafield of a broadcast schedule message may be used to update thebroadcast schedule message (BSM) in the broadcast schedule flow (BSF) ofthe next broadcast schedule period (BSP).

FIG. 12 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for processingbroadcast schedule messages.

FIG. 13 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method forimplementing update detection on a broadcast schedule flow.

FIG. 14 is a timing diagram illustrating that a receiver device may beoutside of a broadcast network's and/or broadcast flow's coverage areaat various times.

FIG. 15 is a timing diagram illustrating an embodiment method fordetecting updates to the broadcast schedule flow (BSF) on systems thatsupport initial acquisition flow (IAF).

FIG. 16 is a timing diagram illustrating an embodiment method forreceiving, within the same superframe, two different versions of abroadcast schedule message.

FIG. 17 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for processingbroadcast schedule messages (BSMs) with support from an initialacquisition flow (IAF) system.

FIG. 18 is a timing diagram illustrating an embodiment method for timingthe broadcasting of updated broadcast schedule messages (BSMs) between areceiver device and a broadcast server.

FIG. 19 is a system block diagram illustrating a layered view of thefile delivery framework (FDF) on a receiver device.

FIG. 20 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method forimplementing a file delivery framework (FDF) that supports file sharingacross the different applications.

FIG. 21 is a system block diagram illustrating the structure, dataflowand high-level steps that may be used to share files across differentapplications.

FIG. 22 is a system block diagram illustrating the structure anddataflow of a file delivery framework (FDF) on a receiver device, andthe decision process by which the file delivery framework chooses toreceive or decline a file.

FIG. 23 is a system block diagram illustrating a structure and dataflowof a file delivery framework (FDF) on a receiver device, and a processby which the file delivery framework on a receiver device receives andstores files.

FIG. 24 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method forselectively receiving only the elements that the applications areinterested in.

FIG. 25 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for processingbroadcast scheduling records.

FIG. 26 is a system block diagram illustrating a structure and dataflowof a file delivery framework (FDF) on a receiver device, and a processby which broadcast schedule records are processed.

FIG. 27 is a system block diagram illustrating an embodiment method forthe reception of files on the file delivery framework.

FIG. 28 is a system block diagram illustrating a structure, dataflow ofa scratch space management, and a process that may be implemented in afile delivery core (FDC).

FIG. 29 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for processingand storing elements.

FIG. 30 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for selectingitems to delete from the scratch space.

FIG. 31 is a system block diagram illustrating a structure and dataflowof an embodiment method of sorting and organizing data.

FIG. 32 is a timeline diagram illustrating how urgent files may bedelivered concurrently on an urgent data flow.

FIG. 33 is a message flow diagram illustrating how files may beprocessed for flow over separate broadcast service flows.

FIG. 34 is a timeline diagram illustrating how in a multi frequencynetwork (MFN), a receiver device may detect that there is an update to abroadcast service flow, but at the same time, identify that it cannotreceive the update.

FIG. 35 is a timeline diagram illustrating how receiver devices movingto a new multiplex may be forced to receive the BSM for the newmultiplex.

FIG. 36 is a timeline/block diagram illustrating a file deliveryframework configuration in which more than one multiplex is on the sameradio frequency.

FIG. 37 is a timeline/block diagram illustrating a file deliveryframework configuration in which the file delivery core (FDC) isconfigured to schedule file downloads on different radio frequenciesindependently.

FIG. 38 is a system block diagram illustrating a structure of a filedelivery pipe (FDP) payload.

FIG. 39 is a message flow diagram illustrating a file delivery frameworkmapping of file names to storage names.

FIG. 40 is a block diagram illustrating a managed element table (MET).

FIG. 41 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for managingstorage space for an application.

FIG. 42 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for checkingstorage space for an element to be received for an application.

FIG. 43 is a flow diagram illustrating a dataflow and interactionsbetween a application layer and a file delivery framework for checkingstorage space for an element to be received for an application.

FIG. 44 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for moving ofa received file to an application storage space.

FIG. 45 is a flow diagram illustrating a dataflow and interactionsbetween an application layer (App layer), a file delivery core (FDC)layer and a file delivery file management (FDM) layer while moving areceived file to an application storage space

FIG. 46 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for mappingmultiple file names to the same storage name in a managed element tableof a file delivery file management (FDM) layer.

FIG. 47 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for handlingsituations in which there is not enough application storage space for areceived file.

FIG. 48 is a flow diagram illustrating a dataflow and interactionsbetween an application layer (App layer) and a file delivery framework(FDF) in handling situations in which there is not enough applicationstorage space for a received file.

FIG. 49 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for handlingdelete functions.

FIG. 50 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method forimplementing a file bundling feature on the file delivery framework.

FIG. 51 is a flow diagram illustrating a dataflow and interactionsbetween an application layer (App Layer), a file delivery core (FDC)layer and a file delivery file management (FDM) layer in a file bundlingfeature on the file delivery framework.

FIG. 52 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for generatinga selection string to be used by the file delivery file management layerto select files in a file bundle to be saved.

FIG. 53 is a flow diagram illustrating an example dataflow andinteractions between an application layer (App layer), a file deliverycore (FDC) layer and a file delivery file management (FDM) layer indetermining a selection string to be used by the file bundling featureon the file delivery framework.

FIG. 54 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method fordetermining whether a file bundle should be received.

FIG. 55 is a flow diagram illustrating an example dataflow andinteractions between an application layer (App Layer), a file deliverycore (FDC) layer and a file delivery file management (FDM) layer indetermining whether a file bundle should be received.

FIG. 56 is a flow diagram illustrating an example dataflow andinteractions between an application layer (App Layer), a file deliverycore (FDC) layer and a file delivery file management (FDM) layer insaving files in file bundles.

FIG. 57 is a message flow diagram illustrating an example file bundleentry in a managed element table (MET).

FIG. 58 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for receivingand saving a file bundle in an application storage space.

FIG. 59 is a flow diagram illustrating an example dataflow andinteractions between an application layer (App Layer), a file deliverycore (FDC) layer and a file delivery file management (FDM) layer inreceiving and saving a file bundle in an application storage space.

FIG. 60 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for deletingfiles received from a file bundle.

FIG. 61 is flow diagram illustrating logical and exemplary data flowsinvolved in deleting files received from a file bundle.

FIG. 62 is a flow diagram illustrating an example dataflow that displaysinteractions between an application layer (App Layer), a file deliverycore (FDC) layer and a file delivery file management (FDM) layer inreceiving a file bundle that was previously received.

FIG. 63 is a data structure diagram illustrating various file deliverycore payload formats used to exchange data between a file delivery core(FDC) and a file delivery file management (FDM) layer.

FIG. 64 is a data structure diagram illustrating another example filedelivery core payload format.

FIG. 65 is a data structure diagram illustrating an example filedelivery core payload format for an element that is a single file thathas two names.

FIG. 66 is a data structure diagram illustrating an example filedelivery core payload format for an element that is a file bundle thathas a file that has two names.

FIG. 67 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for generatingand transmitting a broadcast schedule message.

FIG. 68 is a system block diagram illustrating the ingestion andreception of files for multiple applications according to an embodiment.

FIGS. 69 and 70 are example data schema suitable for submitting files toa file ingestion system according to an embodiment.

FIG. 71 is a timeline diagram illustrating file transmission schedulingas part of the file ingestion system according to an embodiment.

FIGS. 72A-72D are timeline diagrams illustrating how the scheduling ofthe transmission of files and a file delivery service may be dynamic toaccommodate within the broadcast schedule new urgent files received bythe file ingestion system.

FIGS. 73 and 74 are illustrations of how the ingestion of files by thefile ingestion system leads to the generation of a broadcast schedulemessage and to the transmission of ingested files at a scheduled time aslisted in the Broadcast Schedule Message.

FIG. 75 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment method for ingestingand processing a file for deliver via a broadcast file delivery service.

FIG. 76 illustrates how different signal multiplexes, made up of a widemultiplex and a local multiplex, may be broadcast in different localoperating infrastructures.

FIG. 77 is an illustration of how different capacity file delivery pipesmay be allocated in different wide multiplex signals according to anembodiment.

FIGS. 78A and 78B illustrate how file delivery transmissions may betransmitted over different capacity file delivery pipes.

FIG. 79A is a timeline diagram illustrating data transmissionorganization aspects according to an embodiment.

FIGS. 79B-79D illustrate how file delivery transmissions may bepartitioned and transmitted over different file delivery pipes.

FIGS. 79E-79F are additional timeline diagrams illustrating datatransmission organization details according to various embodiments.

FIG. 80 illustrates how different files may be scheduled for broadcastover parallel file delivery pipes.

FIGS. 81A-81C illustrate different ways in which files may betransmitted within a file delivery pipe.

FIGS. 82A-82B illustrate how the transmission of a large file within afile delivery pipe may be interrupted by the transmission of an urgentfile.

FIGS. 83A and 83B are process flow diagrams of embodiment methods forscheduling and transmitting files via file delivery pipes.

FIG. 84 is a software architecture diagram of a mobile receiver devicesuitable for use with the various embodiments.

FIG. 85 is an illustration of how applications operating within areceiver device may specify files for reception by a filed deliveryservice module.

FIG. 86 is an example data schema that may be used in a file deliverycatalog according to an embodiment.

FIGS. 87A and 87B are process flow diagrams of embodiment methods thatmay be implemented within a receiver device for receiving filesdelivered via a broadcast file delivery service.

FIG. 88 is a component block diagram of a receiver device suitable foruse in an embodiment.

FIG. 89 is a component block diagram of a server device suitable for usein an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The various embodiments will be described in detail with reference tothe accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numberswill be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.References made to particular examples and implementations are forillustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the scope of theinvention or the claims.

The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example,instance, or illustration.” Any implementation described herein as“exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over other implementations.

The terms “mobile device” and “receiver device” are used interchangeablyherein to refer to any one or all of mobile media broadcast receivers,cellular telephones, personal television devices, personal dataassistants (PDA's), palm-top computers, wireless electronic mailreceivers (e.g., the Blackberry® and Treo® devices), multimedia Internetenabled cellular telephones (e.g., the Blackberry Storm®), GlobalPositioning System (GPS) receivers, wireless gaming controllers,receivers within vehicles (e.g., automobiles) and similar personalelectronic devices which include a programmable processor and memoryand/or forward-link-only mobile TV broadcast receiver circuitry forreceiving and processing mobile TV broadcast transmissions, such asMediaFLO® FLO TV® broadcasts. However, the terms “mobile device” and“receiver device” should not be limited to the enumerated list ofreceivers and may include any device capable of receiving any of themobile broadcast television services and/or implementing any ofbroadcast standards described below.

The words “broadcast” and “multicast” are used interchangeably herein tomean the transmission of data (information packets) so that it can bereceived by a large number of receiving devices simultaneously. Examplesof a broadcast message are mobile television service broadcast signals,including content broadcasts (content flow) and overhead informationbroadcasts (overhead flow) such as metadata messages.

As used herein the term “file” refers to any of a wide variety of datastructures, assemblages of data and database files which may be storedon a computing device.

The following terms and abbreviations are used herein and in thedrawings: Broadcast Schedule Message (BSM); Broadcast Schedule Records(BSR); Broadcast Schedule Period (BSP); Broadcast Schedule Flow (BSF);Broadcast Schedule Monitoring Record (BSMR); Conditional AccessSolutions (CAS); Constant Or Variable Bit Rate (CBR/VBR); DirectoryInformation Message (DIM); DIST (a distribution component that transmitsfiles and overhead messages at configured rate); File Delivery Framework(FDF); File Delivery Pipe (FDP); File Ingestion System (FIS); FlowBroadcast Schedule Record (FBSR); Forward Error Correcting (FEC) codes;FLO Serving Nodes or FSN (components involved in the actual OTAtransmission, which may be a transport network specific FSN for FLO, ora BSN in general for other broadcast technologies, that providesadaptations to specific transport technologies); Initial AcquisitionFlow (IAF); IP Data Services (IPDS); Local Multiplex (LM); LocalOperating Infrastructure (LOI); Quality of Service (QoS); OverheadScheduling Server or OSS (a component that manages and advertisesoverhead messages, metadata and/or version changes); Radio Frequency(RF); Real Time (RT); Type-Value-Length (TLV); Video-On-Demand (VOD)Application (vodApp); and Wide Multiplex (WM).

A number of different mobile broadcast television services and broadcaststandards are available or contemplated in the future, all of which mayimplement and benefit from the various embodiments. Such services andstandards include, e.g., Open Mobile Alliance Mobile Broadcast ServicesEnabler Suite (OMA BCAST), MediaFLO®, Digital Video Broadcast IPDatacasting (DVB-IPDC), Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H),Digital Video Broadcasting-Satellite services to Handhelds (DVB-SH),Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld 2 (DVB-H2), Advanced TelevisionSystems Committee-Mobile/Handheld (ATSC-M/H), and China MultimediaMobile Broadcasting (CMMB). Each of these broadcast formats involves abroadcast communication channel. For ease of reference, the variousembodiments are described with reference to the MediaFLO® system, whichis implemented in the FLO TV® broadcast systems. However, references toMediaFLO® terminology and technical details are for illustrativepurposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims to aparticular FLO communication system or technology unless specificallyrecited in the claim language.

The various embodiments provide mechanisms and systems for efficientlydelivering files over a broadcast system to mobile devices. Files forbroadcast and reception may be logically identified as belonging to adirectory in a file system. In order to make a battery-efficient use ofthis file system abstraction for the broadcast of files to receiverdevices the broadcast system may use a mechanism for conveyinginformation about the files available for download, and the times atwhich these files are to be broadcast. In various embodiments, this maybe accomplished by broadcasting broadcast schedule messages (BSMs) priorto, or along with, broadcasting of the files.

In general, BSMs inform receiver devices of files that will be broadcastin the future, as well as the specific time frame in which receiverdevices can expect the files to be broadcast. Each BSM may include filecontent and broadcast schedule information such as: the association offiles being broadcast with various services or applications (e.g., aservice ID or a file name on an application specific directory);identification of whether a file being broadcast is a new, updated orrepeated file (e.g., a file ID/Element ID or version number); thebroadcast transport stream where the file can be received (e.g., a flowID, an IP flow identified by an IP address and UDP port number); thetime at which the file will be broadcast (e.g., a delivery window); andwhen the delivery schedule information (e.g., the BSM) may be updatedwith new information.

The BSM may be carried as part of an overhead transport stream (e.g., asdefined by a flow ID, an IP address and UDP port number, etc.) thatprovides the delivery schedule information for files broadcast on agiven frequency (e.g., channel 55), on a portion of the transmitspectrum in that frequency (e.g., a MediaFLO® local vs. wide multiplex),and/or for a transport technology (e.g., MediaFLO® or ATSC). Theavailability of these overhead flows, the channel, flow or frequencyused for such transmissions, the portion of the signal or super-frameswhere the BSMs are broadcast, and the transport technology used fortransmitting BSMs may be discovered via a bootstrap overhead flow (e.g.,the IAF in MediaFLO® transmissions).

A receiver device configured according to the embodiments may make useof a BSM message to select a file from the different file broadcastsbeing advertised. The receiver device may use the BSM to receive aparticular file based on the service or application to which the file isassociated, whether the file is new or a retransmission or an update toa previously received file, or a variety of other factors. In variousembodiments, BSMs may support description of aliasing ofapplication/service IDs and/or transporting bundles of files. In variousembodiments, each BSM may only advertise a portion of the broadcastschedule information at a time. This provides a trade-off betweencontent freshness and amount of battery power that receiver devices mustexpend to remain up to date with the latest version of the BSM.

The various embodiments may include a file ingestion system (FIS) withinor in communication with the broadcast network which may provide aninterface that content providers can use to notify the broadcast systemof new files to broadcast. Content providers may use the file ingestionsystem to specify the broadcast transport requirements for files, suchas the timeliness requirements (e.g., latency tolerance) andtransmission robustness requirements (e.g., level of forward errorcorrection or number of retransmissions) of each file. The fileingestion system may use the transport requirements specified by contentproviders at the time of new file ingestion, and attempt to pack a newfile into the broadcast transmission stream along with the files thathave already been accepted and scheduled for transmission. In variousembodiments, file ingestion may be considered to have failed when thepacking of new files into the broadcast transmission stream is notsuccessful (i.e., a new file could not be fit within the transmissionstream along with the files already scheduled for transmission). Invarious embodiments, the file ingestion system may consider priorityacross files such that new file ingestion will succeed at the expense ofsuppressing transmission of previously ingested files when packing isnot initially successful.

Once a new file has been processed by the file ingestion system, thefile ingestion system may generate a BSM that advertises only a fractionof the successfully scheduled files over a Broadcast Schedule Period(BSP). Receiver devices may use the information in the BSM to plan theirreception of file broadcasts. Thus, when receiver devices determine thata file of interest to an application on the device will be broadcast,the receiver device can schedule activation of the receiver circuitryfor the advertised broadcast schedule period. By advertising only afraction of the successfully scheduled files, new file ingestions may beaccommodated by inserting the new files into the broadcast schedulefollowing the period of time covered by the last broadcast BSM, andbroadcasting a new BSM with the revised schedule. In variousembodiments, the broadcast system may control updates to the BSM and thetransmission of files based on the existing schedule information.

As discussed above, at any given time, BSMs may advertise only a portionof the broadcast schedule information. This provides a trade-off betweencontent freshness and scheduling flexibility on the one hand, and powerconsumption by receiver devices on the other. Content freshness may bemaximized by limiting the amount of broadcast schedule information ineach BSM. This enables greater file transmission scheduling flexibility,as a larger portion of the broadcast schedule (i.e., the portion thathas not been announced in a BSM) can be adjusted to insert newlyingested files. By allowing BSMs to change frequently, broadcasters maybroadcast files with shorter notice and accommodate changes in filedelivery priorities and schedules. However, changing the BSM frequentlyrequires that the receiver devices power up more often to receive thenew BSMs. Each power up consumes an additional amount of the receiverdevice's battery power. Therefore, frequent updates to the BSMs mayresult in receiver devices consuming more battery power. Thus, powerconsumption by receiver devices may be minimized by maximizing theamount of broadcast schedule addressed in each BSM. Therefore,broadcasters may strike a balance in the frequency of updates to theBSMs between scheduling flexibility and device power consumption inorder to enhance the user experience.

The file ingestion system may also support ingestion of attributesassociated with files. The file ingestion system may format the fileattributes so they may be carried via an overhead message (e.g., a BSM).In various embodiments, receiver devices may use these file attributesto select files for reception and download. In various embodiments,receiver devices may use filtering criteria to select files based ontheir file attributes.

In various embodiments, the file ingestion system may support ingestingmore than one file at a time. In these embodiments, the file ingestionsystem may bundle two or more files together for transmission as asingle file, or for transmission as a smaller set of larger files. Ifthe files cannot be bundled together, the file ingestion system mayschedule each file for transmission independently. Bundling filestogether allows for the more efficient application of the forward errorcorrection (FEC) protection and improves the integrity of the datacontained within the transmitted files.

In various embodiments, broadcast resources (e.g., bandwidth or segmentsof the broadcast signal) may be organized into file delivery “pipes” asa traffic engineering tool to improve the system's overall efficiencyand resource reservation goals (e.g., a pipe for small files and a pipefor large files). File delivery pipes capture the resource allocationfor file transport and support multiplexing a number of different filesonto one or more transmission steams. Organizing the broadcast resourcesinto file delivery pipes may improve efficiency by allowing for acentralized scheduling of files that time division multiplexes filesover the aggregate allocated resources. Therefore, the manner in whichresources are organized should be efficient and address the differentrequirements associated with different file delivery applications. Inthe various embodiments, resources may be organized into multiple filedelivery pipes, and the file ingestion system may be informed of thevarious file delivery pipes defined in the broadcast system. Soinformed, the file ingestion system may schedule files for broadcastacross the transmission resources in a manner that addresses theapplication-specific delivery requirements specified for each file andaccording to traffic engineering goal that may have driven the set up ofdifferent pipes (e.g., a pipe for small files and a pipe for large filesto avoid head-of-line blocking of small files during large filetransfers).

The various embodiments support implementing a variety of strategies fordefining file delivery pipes and scheduling files for transmissionacross the different pipes. For example, in various embodiments, classesof applications may be mapped to specific pipes, e.g., small files withlow latency requirements may be broadcast on dedicated pipes. In variousembodiments, the file ingestion system may split the transmission oflarge files into disjoint broadcast windows to allow short filetransmissions. In various embodiments, the file ingestion system mayschedule multiple concurrent file transmissions on the same pipe viadifferent flows.

In various embodiments, a broadcast-side application or service maysubmit a large number of files to the file ingestion system for assemblyinto one or more files that are suitable for transport. Thecorresponding receiver-side application or service may only becompatible with, or interested in, a small sub-set of the files beingbroadcast. In this case, the broadcast-side application or service maysupply applicability metadata to the file delivery service to enable thesystem to construct a BSM or similar overhead file (e.g., a catalogfile) that includes identifying metadata that may be used by thereceiver-side application or service. For example, a BSM overhead filemay list all of the files that will be broadcast within a broadcastperiod, along with identification or applicability information for thefiles that are to be broadcast. Such identifying metadata may includeapplication-specific attributes, such as the name or identifier ofapplications or services which can or should receive the files. On thereceiver device, the BSM overhead file may be received by the receiverdevice and used by the corresponding receiver-side application to selectfiles for reception. In various embodiments, receiver-side applicationsmay make this selection based on a variety of application-specific logicand available attributes, and by using the identification orapplicability information contained in the BSM overhead file.

In various embodiments, a receiver-side application may requestreception of selected files described in the BSM from the file deliveryservice by indicating to a file delivery service module on the receiverdevice the desired application or service file names, or the identifiersfor the desired files. The file delivery service module on the receiverdevice may determine from the BSM when and on whichchannel/flow/broadcast resource the indicated files containing thedesired files are to be broadcast. A processor in the receiver devicemay use this information to “wake-up” the receiver circuitry only whenthe broadcast is likely to contain files requested by, or filescompatible with, receiver-side applications. The information in the BSMmay also enable a processor on the receiver device to pinpoint the exacttime frame within which the receiver needs to be on and listening fordata. By pinpointing the exact time frame within which the receiverneeds to be on, the receiver device may conserve significant batterypower, while making processing resources available for other tasks.

In various embodiments, a broadcast-side application using the filedelivery service (e.g., an FDF service) may provide theapplication-specific attributes associated with the files at the timethe files are submitted to the file ingestion system for transport. Suchapplication-specific attributes may be transported to receiver devicesvia the BSM. Receiver-side applications may request a file capture fromthe file delivery service module of the receiver device by indicating aregular or a logical expression within the applications-specificparameters that characterizes the file of interest. By using regular orlogical expressions to characterize files of interest, the receiverdevice may use the application-specific parameters as filtering criteriafor selecting files for reception. The file delivery service module ofthe receiver device may use such filtering criteria to receive only asubset of the files being broadcast by identifying from the BSM thecharacteristics (day/time, flow ID, etc.) of the desired files.

The various embodiments may be implemented within a variety of mobilemulti-media broadcast systems, an example of which is illustrated inFIG. 1. A mobile multimedia broadcast network 1, such as a MediaFLO®broadcast network, typically includes a plurality of broadcasttransmitters 2 controlled by a mobile broadcast network control centerwhich is referred to herein as a broadcast operation center 4 (or “BOC”in the figures). The broadcast network 1 broadcasts content from thebroadcast transmitters 2 as mobile broadcast transmissions 3 forreception by receiver devices 10, such as mobile television receivers,smartphones, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDA),interactive game devices, notebooks, smartbooks, netbooks, dataprocessing apparatus, or other such electronic devices. Within themobile broadcast network control center 4 (also called the broadcastoperation center or “BOC”) will typically be one or more servers andsystems for managing real time content broadcasts, generation ofelectronic service guides, catalog messages and BSMs regarding thecontent broadcasts, and generation of metadata messages for broadcastvia the overhead flow of the multimedia broadcast network 1.

In addition to the normal content delivery system, the mobile broadcastnetwork 1 may also include a file ingestion system server (FIS) 31 forreceiving, storing, scheduling and formatting files for broadcast viathe mobile broadcast network 1. The file ingestion system server 31 mayreceive files for broadcast from a file content provider 9, either via adirect network connection or an indirect network connection, such as theInternet 7.

In addition to the mobile multimedia broadcast network 1, receiverdevices 10 will typically also be configured to communicate via aunicast network 11, such as a cellular telephone network. A typicalcellular telephone network includes a plurality of cellular basestations 12 coupled to a network operations center 14, which operates toconnect voice and data calls between mobile devices 10 and other networkdestinations, such as via telephone land lines (e.g., a POTS network,not shown) and the Internet 7. Communications between receiver devices10 and the unicast network 11 are accomplished via two-way wirelesscommunication links 13, such as 4G, 3G, CDMA, TDMA, and other cellulartelephone communication technologies. To facilitate Internet datacommunications, the unicast network 11 will typically include one ormore servers 16 coupled to or within the network operations center 14that provide a connection to the Internet 7. In a further embodiment,the unicast network 11 may be a wireless wide area network such as WiFi,WiMAX, etc. Receiver devices 10 may communicate with the broadcastnetwork 1 via the unicast network 11, such as via an IP data call to abroadcast network server 6 by way of the Internet 7, for purposes ofsubscribing to broadcast services and transmitting user interactionmessages to the broadcaster.

FIG. 2 illustrates information flows within a portion of a broadcastnetwork 1 (e.g., a MediaFLO® broadcast network) according to anembodiment. File content providers 9 may provide files for transmissionvia the broadcast file delivery service to the file ingestion server 31.The file ingestion server 31 may schedule and store the files forbroadcast as described more fully below. At the schedule broadcast time,the file ingestion server 31 may provide the scheduled files to thebroadcast operation center 4 (BOC), where the broadcast signal isgenerated as a multiplex of information that includes content flows 26and overhead flows 28. Thus, files for transmission via the filedelivery service may be transmitted as part of the content flows 26while the BSM is transmitted as part of one or more overhead flows 28.Receiver devices 10 receive the multiplex signal and are able toseparately receive the overhead flow 28 including the BSM and otheroverhead information streams (e.g., a control channel) and use theinformation in the BSM to receive particular files from the content flow26.

In a typical multimedia mobile broadcast system, information istransmitted in wireless signals organized into a plurality ofsuperframes. Each superframe comprises a plurality of signals organizedin terms of frequencies within a frequency band and time within set timeboundaries (e.g., superframe boundaries) that encode a plurality of datapackets which communicate the broadcast content and overheadinformation. For example, in the MediaFLO® broadcast system, broadcasttransmissions are organized into one-second superframes spanning a 6 MHzfrequency band (for example 716 MHz to 722 MHz). MediaFLO® broadcastsignals may be sent on other frequency bands and multiple signals may besent simultaneously by using multiple distinct frequency bands. Eachsuperframe may include a portion dedicated to the overhead flow and aportion that carries multiple channels associated with content flows. Asmentioned above, information within the overhead flow and other overheadstreams (e.g., a control channel) informs receiver devices of wherewithin the superframe that particular content flow can be obtained, aswell as how many packets are associated with the streams of that contentflow.

FIG. 3 illustrates system functional components on the broadcaster sideof a broadcast communication system suitable for implementing thevarious embodiments for delivering files via a file delivery service.Real time content provider servers 8 may send real time content (e.g.,audio, video, text, etc.) to a real-time encoder 39 within the broadcastoperation center 4. The file content providers 9 may provide files fordelivery via the file delivery service to a file ingestion server 31.The file ingestion server 31 may store the received files in a localdatabase 32 and schedule received files for broadcast. Informationregarding scheduled broadcast time, as well as file attribute data, maybe provided to an overhead signaling server (OSS) 34, which is acomponent that manages and advertises overhead version changes in theBSM. As described more fully below, the ingestion and scheduling oftransmission of files by the file ingestion server 31 may be dynamicsuch that frequent changes to the scheduled broadcast times may becommunicated to the overhead signaling server 34.

The overhead signaling server 34 may provide an updated BSM to adistribution server 33, which is a component that transmits files andoverhead messages at a configured rate. The distribution server 33 mayprovide the BSM for transmission to a forward link only (FLO) servicenode (FSN) 35, which directs the BSM to an overhead data delivery system36 for transmission via the broadcast network 1. Near the scheduled timefor transmitting files, the file ingestion server 31, along with thelocal database 32, may provide the files for transmission to thedistribution server 33. The distribution server 33 may provide thosefiles to the FLO service node 35, along with control data specifyingwhen each file is to be broadcast. The FLO service node 35 may deliverfiles for transmission to the file delivery system 38, which transmitsthe files via the broadcast network 1. Mobile devices 10 may thenreceive the files from the broadcast network 1 via wireless datatransmissions.

While FIG. 3 illustrates the components of the file delivery system asseparate units or servers, one of skill in the art would appreciate thatsome or all of the different functional processes may be implementedwithin a single server or fewer servers than illustrated in FIG. 3. Forexample, the overhead service server 34, distribution server 33 and flowservice node 35 may be implemented within a single server device alongwith the file ingestion system 31, with each of the these functionsaccomplished by different software modules or an integrated softwaresystem.

As an illustration of various embodiments, FIG. 4 shows top-levelcomponents involved in the MediaFLO File Delivery Framework (FDF) 40.The file delivery framework 40 may provide support for different filedelivery applications concurrently. The delivery of files in the form oflogical concepts involves embodiment methods used for the manipulationand management of files as they are received from content providers,transmitted via the broadcast system, and received by receiver devices.At a high-level, the broadcast file delivery system 40 comprises aheadend, which is the broadcast side of the communication system, and areceiver device, which selectively receives and stores transmittedfiles.

In the headend, applications providing files for transmission, referredto herein as “headend apps” 42, 43, define files for delivery. Within aserver in the headend, the file ingestion system 31 may receive filesfor transport from file content providers or headend apps 42, 43, andschedule the files for delivery in the broadcast schedule. The fileingestion system 31 may also store successfully scheduled files inmemory for later transport over the file transport network 41. Filesprovided by the headend apps 42, 43, may be packaged into one or moretransport files to be ingested via a file ingestion system 31 anddelivered to the receiver devices via a file transport network 41.

On the receiver device, such as a MediaFLO® receiver device, deviceapplications 45, 46 may characterize or identify the files that are tobe received, and request those files from a file delivery service module44. The file delivery service module 44 may be implemented in thereceiver device as software configured to provide file capture servicesfor device applications 45, 46. The file delivery service module 44 may,in response to the request for files, use delivery and schedulinginformation to capture the requested flows, and store them in memory.The file delivery service module 44 may manage the reception, storageand maintenance of files.

In assembling files to be transmitted, the file ingestion system 31 maycreate transport files using a file system analogy, where a file pathname in an application-specific directory structure uniquely identifiesa file for a set of applications. As described above, within a server inthe headend of the broadcast system the file ingestion system 31 may beprovided to receive files for transport, schedule the files for deliveryopportunities in the broadcast schedule, and store successfullyscheduled files in memory for later transport over the file transportnetwork 41 of the broadcast network. The file ingestion system 31 mayspecify additional attributes regarding the files, such as a filename,parameters descriptive of the file (e.g., genre, file type, etc.),parameters descriptive of the file contents (e.g., source and locationof individual datagram packets, identity, application or file types ofthe datagram packets included in the file, etc.), and other informationassociated with the content of files for transport. The file ingestionsystem 31 may also specify parameters describing each file's broadcastdelivery requirements. In various embodiments, the file ingestion system31 may assign a unique identifier to files (e.g., a fileID) which can beused for versioning purposes and for bundling submitted files intocombined packages for efficient application of forward error correction(FEC) codes. The file ingestion system 31 may also apply forward errorcorrection codes to ingested files to improve their broadcast transportreliability.

In an embodiment, the file ingestion system 31 may schedule broadcastdelivery opportunities for newly received files for transport. As partof this process, the file ingestion system 31 may determine atransmission schedule based on various parameters. For instance, in anembodiment, the file ingestion system 31 may create a transmissionschedule as a function of the file sizes and available resources. Inanother embodiment, transmission schedules may also take intoconsideration a priority assigned to the files by the content providers.In various embodiments, the scheduling of the file broadcast times maybe accomplished algorithmically to determine start times fortransmission, such that the broadcast delivery requirements for thenewly received files and the previously ingested files are met. The fileingestion system 31 may store successfully scheduled files for latertransport over the file transport network 41. The file ingestion system31 may, at the appropriate time, dispatch scheduled files to thebroadcast network according to the file schedule information previouslydetermined by the file ingestion system 31.

In scheduling files for transmission, the file ingestion system 31 maybe aware of the transmission resources, such as file delivery pipesdefined in the file transport network 41. Using the informationregarding the availability of file delivery pipes, the file ingestionsystem 31 may schedule files across the various transmission resourcesso as to address the application-specific delivery requirements definedby the file content providers. In some embodiments, the file ingestionsystem 31 may be configured to use specific pipes for certain classes ofapplications. For instance, small files with low latency requirementsmay be broadcast on dedicated transmission pipes. Alternatively, thefile ingestion system 31 may split transmissions of large files intodisjoint broadcast windows to allow short file transmissions withreduced delay. The file ingestion system 31 may also schedule multipleconcurrent transmissions of the same type via different transmissionpipes.

In various embodiments, the file transport network 41 may be a MediaFLO®network or other broadcast network. In various embodiments, the filetransport network 41 may be a combination of broadcast and unicastnetworks. When the transport network is a broadcast network, the filetransmissions may be scheduled so that the broadcast channel can beeffectively shared across all of the different files being transmitted.Additionally, if the broadcast channel can support multiple mediastreams at the same time, the transmission of data files may beassociated with one of the multiple media streams.

As part of the file delivery framework 40, a series of BSMs may bebroadcast in an overhead message flow that is available in the broadcasttransport network. As discussed above, the BSMs may provide informationthat enables receiver devices to associate files being broadcast with aparticular service or application. The BSMs may also include fileID/Element ID or version information on files being broadcast,information on the transport stream where the files can be received,information on when the file will be broadcast (e.g., a deliverywindow), and information on when the delivery schedule or BSM will beupdated with new information.

As discussed above, files for broadcast and reception may be logicallyidentified as belonging to a directory in a file system. In variousembodiments, this file system abstraction allows files to be defined asbelonging to an application-specific directory structure, in which theroot (top most) directory identifies the application. For example, thefile testFile belonging to the application testApp may be defined as“/testApp/testFile.” In various embodiments, files may be furtherorganized in subdirectories as a mechanism for describing semanticproperties of the files. For example, files may be organized based on anassociation between the file's contents and a broadcast channel (e.g.,CNN, ABC, etc.). Thus, files for a video-on-demand application (vodApp)may be organized as belonging to an application-specific directory, suchas /vodApp/CNN/ or /vodApp/ABC/, etc.

As a further example of the file system abstraction, a weatherapplication (weaApp) may organize files on weather updates on a per citybasis, with subfolders identifying files associated with particularcities. For instance, a file name that includes the phrase “/weaApp/LA/”may include files on weather updates for Los Angeles, while a transportfile name that includes the phrase “/weaApp/NY/” may include files onweather updates for New York. For example, the weaApp files may be named“weaApp/LA/f1.jpg” and “/weaApp/NY/f4.jpg” to enable the specific filesto be identified and grouped by city.

This file system abstraction simplifies the definition and management offiles that are transported through the broadcast file delivery service.The file system abstraction also simplifies the application developmentprocess because application developers do not need to concern themselveswith the details of the broadcast transport system.

FIG. 5 illustrates an implementation of the file system abstraction.Specifically, FIG. 5 illustrates that file names that may be used in thetransport of files for use by a weather application 44 via the filetransport network 41. In the illustrated example, the sender-sideweather application 43 may request that files be sent by issuing a sendcommand with an appropriately named file. For example, the weatherapplication 43 may use the command sendFile(/weaApp/LA/012510Update.jpg)to request that the LA weather files be sent. The file ingestion system31 receives these files, and includes the file names within the BSMmessages.

On the receiver device side, device applications functioning within aprocessor of the receiver device may request files by using the samefilename structure that is used on the headend side. This is illustratedin FIG. 5, where it is shown that the client weather application 46 mayregister with the file delivery service 44 and request all relevantfiles be captured with a single command. For example, if the receiverdevice is located in the vicinity of New York City (such as may bedetermined based upon user preferences or a position determiningcapability like GPS), the device application 46 may request that all NewYork City relevant weather files be received by issuing a capturecommand and providing an appropriately named directory. In theillustrated example, the client weather application 46 may issue a“captureAll” command, providing “/weaApp/NYC/” as the requesteddirectory name (the “/” may be used as a convetion to differentiatedirectory names from file names). Thus, in the illustrated example, theclient application 46 only needs to issue a “captureAll(/weaApp/NYC/)”command to receive all the relevant New York City weather files from theheadend application 42. This method of requesting and sending files byusing a file system abstraction greatly simplifies the file transmissionand application development processes.

FIG. 6 illustrates another implementation of the file systemabstraction. Specifically, FIG. 6 illustrates a scenario in which aheadend interactivity application (iTVApp) 60 submits image files and acatalog as an overhead file. The catalog file (/itv/sig/cat.xml)provides information on the files available from the interactivityapplication. When the headend interactivity application 60 submits newfiles for transport, an updated interactivity catalog may also besubmitted along with the files. The updated interactivity catalog maydescribe the newly added interactivity files. Thus, in the illustratedexample, an interactivity application server 60 provides a catalog fileand three interactivity files to the file ingestion system 31, alongwith a send command. In the illustrated example, the send command may be“sendFile(/itv/sig/cat.xml; /itv/res/svc_(—)5/f1.jpg;/itv/res/svc_(—)5/f2.jpg; /itv/res/svc_(—)5/f3.jpg).” On the receiverside, a client application 62 may issue a request command to the filedelivery service module 44 for the continued capture of updates to thecatalog file. In the illustrated example, this request command may be“captureAll (/itv/sig/cat.xml);” where a file name, rather than adirectory name (argument not terminated by “/”), was used as theargument to the service request. After issuing the request command, theclient application 62 may issue request commands to capture specificfiles based on updates to the catalog information, perapplication-specific processing of application-specific information inthe catalog file. For example, the client application 62 may issue a“singleCapture(/itv/res/svc_(—)5/f2.jpg)” command to capture the singlefile of interest“f2.jpg;” singleCapture( ) does not continue monitoringupdates to the requested file as the content for these files are notexpected to change.

In various embodiments, applications implementing the file systemabstraction system described above may be mixed with applicationsimplementing other ways of discovering and requesting files availablefor reception via the file transport network 41. Thus, in variousembodiments, a hybrid system that uses both client and headendapplications implementing different file abstraction and/or filerequest/transmission techniques may be employed. This hybrid system maycontribute to the file delivery framework's (FDF) ability toconcurrently support different types of file delivery applications on asingle framework.

FIG. 7 illustrates the scheduling of ingested files by time multiplexingthe files in a file delivery pipe in order to share transmissionresources. As discussed above, in various embodiments, resources may beorganized into file delivery pipes to improve the system's overallefficiency. Organizing resources into file delivery pipes improvesefficiency because most broadcast networks that provide file transportservices (e.g., an FDF service) are typically resource bound. In variousembodiments, the file delivery pipes may be a particular group ofresources that are dedicated to the transmission process. In variousembodiments, the file delivery pipes may be dedicated broadcastresources. In various embodiments, the dedicated resources may includenetwork resources that are dedicated to a particular file transportprocess. In various embodiments, one or more file delivery pipes may beused to transport one or more files over the file delivery network.

FIG. 7 also illustrates a file delivery pipe 72 that is scheduled tocarry a sequence of files. Each file is identified with a differenttransport file ID and/or Element ID (e.g., fID_(—)1 through fID_(—)4).The transport file IDs and/or Element IDs may uniquely identify thefiles and provide a form of implicit versioning support (i.e., eachsubmitted version of a file may be assigned a new file ID/Element ID).FIG. 7 illustrates that each file may be scheduled to be broadcastwithin a particular broadcast window (BW), in which each broadcastwindow (e.g., BW_(fID) _(—) ₂) corresponds to a period of time duringwhich a file (e.g., fID_(—)2) may be transmitted. In variousembodiments, the broadcast window required to transmit each file over adedicated pipe may be defined as a function of the transport pipe datarate and the size of the file being transmitted. In various embodiments,the broadcast window may be proportional to the file size divided by thefile pipe data rate.

FIG. 7 also illustrates that a broadcast schedule flow (BSF) 70 may beused to carry broadcast schedule messages (BSMs) that describe the filesfor transport, their broadcast windows as well as transmission metadata.In various embodiments, the broadcast schedule flow 70 may be anoverhead flow separate from the content flows. In various embodiments,the broadcast schedule messages may be transmitted ahead of the files sothat the receiver devices may activate the receiver circuitry in time toreceive their desired files. In various embodiments, the same broadcastschedule message may be rebroadcast frequently, such as in everysuperframe, to ensure the reliable reception of the broadcast schedulemessages by the receiver devices.

As discussed above, in various embodiments, each broadcast schedulemessage (BSM) may only describe a fraction of the scheduled files. Thisis to support situations where a large number of files are available andscheduled for over-the-air transmission, and it is not practical todefine all the scheduled files in a single broadcast schedule message.Advertizing only fraction of the scheduled files in the broadcastschedule messages also supports situations where the schedule may changefrequently as new files are continually submitted for transmission.Thus, in various embodiments, broadcast schedule messages may begenerated such that they describe only a fraction of the scheduledfiles. In these embodiments, the broadcast schedule message may describea series of files that will be broadcast within a given broadcastschedule period (BSP).

FIG. 7 also illustrates that each BSM may describe a series of fileswithin each broadcast schedule period (BSP). Specifically, FIG. 7illustrates an example where only three unique files (fID_(—)1 throughfID_(—)3) are broadcast in a first broadcast schedule period (BSP₁). Inthe various embodiments, each broadcast schedule period may define aquantity representing the number of advertised file broadcast schedulesincluded in a corresponding broadcast schedule message. These broadcastschedule messages may be transmitted repeatedly within the samebroadcast schedule flow 70. For example, FIG. 7 illustrates that thesame BSM₁ message, which describes all of the files scheduled forbroadcast within the BSP₁ period, is broadcast several times in thebroadcast schedule flow 70, as shown by BSMs 70 a through 70 d.

In various embodiments, the file delivery system can be configured suchthat the broadcast schedule periods (BSPs) are relatively short and thebroadcast schedule messages (BSMs) are updated regularly within thebroadcast schedule flow (BSF) 70. By configuring the system to use shortbroadcast schedule periods, and updating the broadcast schedule messagesregularly, the efficiency and flexibility of the file delivery system,as well as its ability to manage continuously updated files, can begreatly improved.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example in which the broadcast schedule messages(BSMs) included within the broadcast schedule flow (BSF) 70 are beingupdated regularly. Specifically, FIG. 7 illustrates that BSM₁ 70 d maybe updated to BSM₂ 70 e, which corresponds to the files that will bebroadcast within BSP₂. FIG. 7 also illustrates that the broadcastschedule messages (e.g., BSM₁ and BSM₂) may be updated on the boundaryof two BSPs (e.g., BSP₁ and BSP₂).

It should be noted that FIG. 7 illustrates a scenario in which multiplebroadcast windows exist during a broadcast schedule period (BSP) for asingle file, such as illustrated for fID_(—)1. Multiple broadcastwindows for a single file may be used when a file is transmittedrepeatedly to improve the success rate for the file transmission, as maybe appropriate for high-priority files. Multiple broadcast windows forsingle files may also be necessary when a file is so large that it mustbe split into disjoint pieces to enable other files to be transmittedconcurrently. When there are multiple broadcast windows for a singlefile, those multiple broadcast windows may appear within the samebroadcast schedule period or in different broadcast schedule periods.

FIG. 8 illustrates that each broadcast schedule message (e.g., BSM₁ andBSM₂) may be repeated regularly, such as in every superframe, to providebroadcast window and reception information for a plurality of filesbroadcast within a broadcast schedule period. FIG. 8 also illustratesthat the files transmitted in a file delivery pipe dataflow may be ofdifferent broadcast durations, since the files may be of differentsizes.

As discussed above, BSMs provide a mechanism for advertising thetransmission schedule. BSMs may also provide an array of additionalinformation to receiver devices. A high-level format of an example BSMis illustrated in FIG. 9. As FIG. 9 illustrates, a broadcast schedulemessage may include a broadcast schedule monitoring record (BSMR). Thebroadcast schedule monitoring record may include a next monitor timedata field (Next_Monitor_Time) which specifies the next time that thereceiver device should monitor the broadcast schedule flow for anupdated BSM. This data field may also define the time at which the nextbroadcast schedule period may begin. As discussed more fully below,specifying the time the BSM will be updated enables receiver devices toconserve battery power by deactivating their receiver circuitry whenredundant BSMs are being carried on the broadcast schedule flow (BSF)70.

FIG. 9 illustrates that the BSMs may also include a flow broadcastschedule record (FBSR). The flow broadcast schedule record may describethe broadcast schedules for the files that are being broadcasted on thecontent flow (e.g., within a file broadcast pipe) during the currentbroadcast schedule period (BSP). A BSM may include multiple flowbroadcast schedule records. Each flow broadcast schedule record may bein the form of a type-value-length (TLV) structure with a value portion(i.e. record data) that includes two major parts: a flow broadcastschedule record header (FBSR header); and a flow broadcast schedulerecord body (FBSR body).

The flow broadcast schedule record header (FBSR header) may carryinformation regarding the transport stream, frequency, and/or broadcastsystem. The flow broadcast schedule record header may include a flow IDand a flow data rate. The flow ID may be an identifier for the broadcastflow used for the transmission of a file. The flow data rate may be thedata rate at which the files described in the broadcast schedule messageunder the flow ID are to be transmitted.

The flow broadcast schedule record body (FBSR body) may carry one ormore broadcast schedule records, as illustrated by BSR₁ and BSR₂. Eachbroadcast schedule record (BSR) may provide broadcast information on asingle file being broadcast on the content flow within a given broadcastschedule period (BSP) 70. The broadcast schedule record body (BSR body)may include a broadcast digital record type (BSR_Type), a file ID and/orElement ID (e.g., File_ID), schedule information, and a sequence ofparameters encoded in type-value-length (TLV) encoding. The broadcastdigital record type (e.g., BSR_Type) may provide information on the typeof file being broadcast, such as a single file, a bundle of files, etc.The file ID and/or Element ID (e.g., File_ID) may identify a filecontent being broadcast. The schedule information may describe thebroadcast window for a given file, and may describe many broadcasttransmissions throughout the broadcast schedule period. A broadcastwindow may be defined by the broadcast window start time (BW_Start_Time)and a broadcast duration (BW_Duration). The broadcast window start timemay be defined as the time at which the broadcast of a file begins. Thebroadcast duration may be defined as the length of time beyond thebroadcast window start time that the file will be broadcast.

The flow broadcast schedule record body may further include a sequenceof parameters in type-value-length (TLV) encoding that provideextensibility of the BSM to carry additional information that mayfurther identify the file of a particular file ID and/or Element ID in amanner that may facilitate filtering and selection by receiver devices.Three types of parameters that may be included in the flow broadcastschedule record body are described below.

In a first type (e.g., type=1), prefix matching strings may be includedwhich identify possible multiple files or directory names with which thefile content identified by the file ID and/or Element ID may beassociated. For example, the broadcast schedule record may only includeone prefix matching string where the data is a file name, such as“/itv/res/svc_(—)5/f2.jpg.” As another example, the broadcast schedulerecord may include multiple prefix matching strings where each TLV has adifferent file name, such as “/itv/res/svc_(—)5/f2.jpg” in one TLV and“/itv/res/svc_(—)15/f2.jpg” in another TLV. The situation may be thecase for an interactivity (itv) application that uses the same file“f2.jpg” for interactivity on service 5 (e.g., ESPN) and service 15(e.g., ESPN2), hence “f2.jpg” has two aliases in the “/itv/” filedirectory structure. In a third example, the receiver device may receiverequests to capture files in the form ofsingleCapture(/itv/res/svc_(—)15/f2.jpg) orcaptureAll(/itv/res/svc_(—)5/), in which case the receive device mayperform 2-way prefix matching with the values in the prefix matchingstring LTVs.

In a second type (e.g., type=2), attribute strings may provide multipleattributes (e.g., gender=male; age=20-30, etc.) that characterize thefile content identified by the file ID and/or Element ID, orapplications or receiver devices for which the file content is suitable.In this case, a receiver device using attribute strings will havereceived requests to capture files that match a logical expression on anumber of attributes, such as captureAll(gender=male && age=20-30),where && represents the logical AND operation.

In a third type (e.g., type=3), application or service specificidentifiers are provided for a file (e.g., itv:123, or svc_(—)3:2234,etc.) which identify the file ID and/or Element ID in the scope of agiven application or service. A receiver device using application orservice identifiers would make use of a catalog file to describe theavailable files, associated attributes, and the correspondingapplication or service identifier for the file. The application orservice could then request the capture of a file of interest as a singlecapture, such as singleCapture(itv:123).

FIG. 10 illustrates a high-level format for another example broadcastschedule message. As illustrated in FIG. 10, a BSM may contain multiplebroadcast schedule information records (BSIR₁ through BSIR_(M)). Eachbroadcast schedule information record may contain information about thebroadcast schedule on one or more flows. Each broadcast scheduleinformation record may also contain a monitoring schedule that receiverdevices can use to receive updated broadcast schedules.

As illustrated in FIG. 10, each broadcast schedule information record(e.g., BSIR₁ through BSIR_(M)) may have a header portion (BSIR Header)and a body portion (BSIR Body). The header portion may include a nextmonitor time (e.g., Next_Monitor_Time) field and a monitoring period(e.g., Monitoring_Period) field. In various embodiments, the fields inthe header portion (e.g., Next_Monitor_Time, Monitoring_Period, etc.)may be used to allow the file delivery framework (FDF) to deliver dataat different latencies. In various embodiments, all of the broadcastschedule information records (BSIRs) within a monitoring period may besorted in descending order, such that the receiver devices process onlythe first broadcast schedule information record. In various embodiments,the broadcast schedule information record may be configured to include anext monitor time (e.g., Next_Monitor_Time) field only when it isdetermined that the system does not support initial acquisition flow(IAF) systems.

In various embodiments, the body portion of the broadcast scheduleinformation record (BSIR body) may include multiple flow broadcastschedule records (FBSR₁ through FBSR_(N)). A flow broadcast schedulerecord is a file delivery data flow record that describes the broadcastschedules of elements that are broadcast on the flow within thebroadcast schedule period (BSP). Each flow broadcast schedule record mayhave a type-value-length (TLV) structure in which the value portionincludes a header portion (FBSR Header) and a body portion (FBSR Body).The header portion of the flow broadcast schedule record may containinformation about the data flow, such as flow ID, data rate, etc. Thebody portion of the flow broadcast schedule record may contain one ormore broadcast schedule records (BSR₁ through BSR_(N)). In variousembodiments, the body portion of the flow broadcast schedule record maycontain a broadcast schedule record for each element that is broadcaston the flow within the broadcast schedule period (BSP). In variousembodiments, each broadcast schedule record may have an element ID(Element_ID) for each element (i.e., a data unit broadcasted on the dataflow), one or more file/directory names for file(s) in the element, andbroadcast schedule information. In an embodiment, the file and directorynames may follow a UNIX-based file naming convention. In an embodiment,the elements represented by element IDs (e.g., Element_ID) maycorrespond to either a particular version of file or a particularversion of file bundle that consists of multiple files. In variousembodiments, different versions of the same file or file bundle maycorrespond to different elements. In various embodiments, the elementIDs may be a global unique ID assigned to each element by the filedelivery framework (FDF).

FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment method for using the next monitor timedata field of a BSM. As discussed above, the BSM may include a nextmonitor time data field (e.g., Next_Monitoring_Time field in FIG. 10)which specifies the next time that the receiver device should monitorthe broadcast schedule flow for an updated BSM. FIG. 11 illustrates howthe next monitor time data field of a first BSM (BSM₁) may be used toupdate a second BSM (BSM₂) in the broadcast schedule flow (BSF) 70 forthe next broadcast schedule period (Next BSP). FIG. 11 illustrates that,when a receiver device receives a BSM (e.g., BSM₁), the receiver mayschedule the next wake-up time to monitor the broadcast schedule flow(BSF) according to the next monitoring time in BSM₁.

FIG. 12 is an embodiment method 1200 for processing broadcast schedulemessages. FIG. 12 illustrates that, in determination step 1201, areceiver device may first determine if a received BSM has the sameversion property as that of the previously processed broadcast schedulemessage. If the version is the same (i.e., determination step1201=“Yes”), the receiver device may proceed to determination step 1216.If the version is not the same (i.e., determination step 1201=“No”), instep 1202, the receiver device may delete the previous BSMand save thenewly received BSM. Saving the new BSMis necessary because every timethe file delivery framework (FDF) receives a request from an applicationfor capturing files it should use the new information in the request toreprocess the saved BSM.

In determination step 1204, the receiver device may attempt to read thebroadcast schedule message record from the broadcast schedule message.If successful (i.e., determination step 1204=“Yes”), in determinationstep 1206 the receiver device may process the records (e.g., BSMR, FBSR)in the BSM and determine if the record is a broadcast schedulemonitoring record (BSMR). If the record is a broadcast schedulemonitoring record (i.e., determination step 1206=“Yes”), in step 1208,the device may use the next monitoring time field (e.g.,NEXT_MONITORING_TIME) in the broadcast schedule monitoring record as thenew next monitoring time. If the record is not a broadcast schedulemonitoring record (i.e., determination step 1206=“No”), in determinationstep 1212, the receiver device may determine if the record is a flowbroadcast schedule record (FBSR). If the record is not a flow broadcastschedule record (i.e., determination step 1212=“No”), the receiverdevice returns to determination step 1204 to read a new broadcastschedule message record. If the record is a flow broadcast schedulerecord (i.e., determination step 1212=“Yes”), in step 1214, the devicemay process the flow broadcast schedule record and make a data filteringdecision, and then return to determination step 1204 to read a newbroadcast schedule message record.

If in determination step 1204, the receiver device fails to read abroadcast schedule message record from a BSM (i.e., determination step1204=“No”), in step 1210 the receiver device cancels the previouslyscheduled downloads not specified in the new BSM, and proceeds todetermination step 1216. In various embodiments, a file delivery core(FDC) may cancel the previously scheduled downloads that are notspecified in the new BSM. In various embodiments, a broadcast server mayuse this feature to cancel a broadcasted element by sending an updatedBSM The file delivery core is discussed in more detail below withreference to FIG. 19.

Returning to FIG. 12, after processing all the fields in the broadcastschedule message or upon receiving a previously processed BSM (i.e.,determination step 1201=“Yes”), in determination step 1216, the receiverdevice may check whether the next monitoring time (e.g.,NEXT_MONITORING_TIME) is later than the current time—and if thedifference between the current time and the next monitoring time is nomore than a time period specified by a device provisioning parameter(e.g., MAX_BSF_MONITORING_PERIOD). If the next monitoring time is notlater than the current time (i.e., determination step 1216=“No”), theprocess ends and the device may stop monitoring the broadcast scheduleflow broadcast schedule flow and wait to receive the next updated BSM.If the next monitoring time is later than the current time and thedifference between the current time and the next monitoring time is nomore than the specified time period (i.e., determination step1216=“Yes”), in step 1218, the receiver device may deregister thebroadcast schedule flow (i.e., stop receiving the current broadcastschedule flow) and schedule receiving the broadcast schedule flow at thenext monitoring time. Otherwise, the device may continue receiving thebroadcast schedule flow.

FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment method 1300 for implementing updatedetection on a broadcast schedule flow (BSF) 70. FIG. 13 illustratesthat, in determination step 1301, the device may first check if theversion of the first broadcast schedule information record (BSIR) in thereceived broadcast schedule message (BSM) is the same as that of thepreviously processed broadcast schedule information record. If theversion is the same (i.e., determination step 1301=“Yes”), it mayproceed to determination step 1310. If the version is not the same(i.e., determination step 1301=“No”), in step 1302, the receiver maydelete the previously saved broadcast schedule information record andsave the new broadcast schedule information record. Saving the newbroadcast schedule information record allows the file delivery framework(FDF) to use the new information in the request to reprocess the savedbroadcast schedule information record every time the file deliveryframework receives a new file capture request from an application. Instep 1304, the device may use the next monitoring time field (e.g.,NEXT_MONITORING_TIME) in the broadcast schedule information record asthe new next monitoring time. In step 1306, the receiver device mayprocess all of the flow broadcast schedule records (FBSRs) in thebroadcast schedule information record. In various embodiments, thedevice may use the processing of the flow broadcast schedule records tomake data filtering decisions. In step 1308, the file delivery core(FDC) may cancel the previously scheduled downloads that are notspecified in the new broadcast schedule information record. In variousembodiments, the broadcast server can use this feature to cancel anelement broadcast by sending an updated broadcast schedule message.

After processing all the fields in the broadcast schedule informationrecord (BSIR), in determination step 1310, the receiver device may checkif the next monitoring time is later than the current time—and if thedifference between the current time and the next monitoring time is nomore than a device provisioning parameter (e.g.,MAX_BSF_MONITORING_PERIOD). In various embodiments, if the nextmonitoring time is not later than the current time (i.e., determinationstep 1310=“No”), the device may stop monitoring the broadcast scheduleflow 70. If the next monitoring time is later than the current time andthe difference between the current time and the next monitoring time isno more than the device provisioning parameter(MAX_BSF_MONITORING_PERIOD) (i.e., determination step 1310=“Yes”), instep 1312, the receiver device may deregister broadcast schedule flow(i.e. stop receiving the BSF) and schedule to receive the broadcastschedule flow 70 at the next monitoring time. Otherwise, the device maycontinue receiving the broadcast schedule flow 70.

In the embodiment methods described above with reference to FIGS. 12 and13, if the receiver device is out of flow coverage at the specifiedmonitoring time, the device may not know when to wake up again toreceive the broadcast schedule flow 70. This scenario is illustrated inFIG. 14, which shows that a receiver device may be outside of thecoverage area at various times.

FIG. 14 is a timeline diagram illustrating how a receiver device may beoutside of a broadcast network's and/or broadcast flow's coverage area(1401, 1402) at various times related to the timing of broadcastschedule flow transmissions. In such cases, the receiver device mayreenter the coverage area before the next specified monitoring time, asrepresented by block 1401. At other times, a receiver device may notreenter the coverage area until have the next specified monitoring timehas passed, as represented by block 1402. FIG. 14 illustrates that, invarious embodiments, the receiver device may receive the broadcastschedule flow 70 every time it reenters flow coverage after being out ofthe flow coverage area. In some embodiments, the receiver device maymake an individual determination as to whether it should receive thebroadcast schedule flow 70 based on determining that it was out of flowcoverage at a specified monitoring time. In various embodiments, thereceiver device may be forced to receive the broadcast schedule flow 70when returning to a flow coverage area (illustrated as “Forced toReceive BSF”). In other embodiments, the receiver device may beconfigured to receive the broadcast schedule flow 70 every time aservice core starts. In other embodiments, the receiver device can makea determination as to whether the next specified monitoring time haspassed, and make adjustments as necessary to ensure it has received thelatest version of the broadcast schedule flow.

FIG. 15 illustrates an embodiment method for detecting updates to thebroadcast schedule flow (BSF) 70 on systems that support initialacquisition flow (IAF). Specifically, FIG. 15 illustrates a timeline fordetecting broadcast schedule flow 70 updates based on an initialacquisition flow. In various embodiments, the detection of updates tobroadcast schedule messages (BSMs) on the broadcast schedule flow 70 maybe based on the contents of a directory information message (DIM)message on the initial acquisition flow. In various embodiments, areceiver device may periodically wake up according to a next monitortime value (e.g., NEXT_MONITORING_TIME) specified in a previousdirectory information message. In various embodiments, the receiverdevice may receive the latest directory information message from theinitial acquisition flow and compare the broadcast schedule messageversion information (e.g., BSM_VERSION) to the version information ofthe latest, unexpired, processed broadcast schedule message. In theseembodiments, if the compared versions are different, the receiver devicemay determine that there has been an update to the broadcast schedulemessage and activate receiver circuitry in the receiver device toreceive the updated broadcast schedule message on the broadcast scheduleflow 70. In various embodiments, a receiver device may receive theupdated broadcast schedule message using common overhead flow receivingmechanisms. In various embodiments, the file delivery framework (FDF) onthe receiver device may set a broadcast schedule message deviceparameter (e.g., FDF_BSM_EXPIRY_TIME) to indicate that the broadcastschedule message has expired, seconds after the broadcast schedulemessage has been processed. In these embodiments, by indicating that thebroadcast schedule message has expired, the receiver device can addresscases where the device has been out of flow coverage for a period oftime and has a stale broadcast schedule message. In various embodiments,the receiver device may activate receiver circuitry to receive a newbroadcast schedule message whenever the receiver device detects that ithas a stale broadcast schedule message.

FIG. 16 is a timeline diagram illustrating an embodiment method forreceiving, within the same superframe, two different versions of abroadcast schedule message (e.g., BSM₁, BSM₂). As discussed above, invarious embodiments, information may be transmitted in wireless signalsorganized into a plurality of superframes. Each superframe may includesignals within a frequency band and within set time boundaries thatcomprises a plurality of data packets that communicate the broadcastcontent. FIG. 16 illustrates that two different versions of a broadcastschedule message (BSM₁, BSM₂) may be received within the set timeboundaries of a single superframe.

FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment method 1700 for processing broadcastschedule messages (BSMs) with support from an initial acquisition flow(IAF) system. In determination step 1701, the receiver device maydetermine whether the version parameter (e.g., BSM_VERSION) in thebroadcast schedule message is the same as the version parameterindicated in the directory info message (DIM). If the versions aredifferent (i.e., determination step 1701=“no”), the device may ignorethe received broadcast schedule message and end the processing. Invarious embodiments, this may be necessary because the device mayreceive multiple versions of the same broadcast schedule messages withina superframe as illustrated by FIG. 16. In such scenarios, the devicemay only process the latest version (e.g., BSM₂) indicated by thedirectory info message. In various embodiments, the server can preventmultiple versions of broadcast schedule messages within the samesuperframe by broadcasting the updated broadcast schedule message a fewseconds (or microseconds) before the initial acquisition flow's nextmonitoring time.

Returning to FIG. 17, if it is determined that the version parametersare the same (i.e., determination step 1701=“yes”), in step 1702, thereceiver device may delete the previously saved broadcast schedulemessage and save the new broadcast schedule message. In variousembodiments, saving the new broadcast schedule message may be importantbecause, every time the file delivery framework receives a request froman application for capturing files, it may use the new information inthe request to reprocess the saved broadcast schedule message. Indetermination step 1704, the receiver device may attempt to read thebroadcast schedule message record (BSMR) from the broadcast schedulemessage. If BSMR read was successful (i.e., determination step1704=“yes”), in determination step 1706 the receiver device may processthe records (e.g., BSMR) in the received broadcast schedule message anddetermine if the record is a flow broadcast schedule record (FBSR). Ifso (i.e., determination step 1706=“yes”), in step 1708, the receiverdevice may process the flow broadcast schedule record and make a datafiltering decision. This process may be repeated by returning todetermination step 1704 until all the fields in the broadcast schedulemessage have been processed which will be determined by a failed BSMRread attempt. If the receiver device could not successfully read thebroadcast schedule message in determination step 1704 (i.e.,determination step 1704=“no”), a file delivery core (FDC) may cancel thepreviously scheduled downloads that are not specified in the newbroadcast schedule message in step 1710.

FIG. 18 is a timeline diagram illustrating an embodiment method forcontrolling the timing of the broadcast of updated broadcast schedulemessages (BSMs) between a receiver device and a broadcast server. FIG.18 illustrates that, in various embodiments, a broadcast server may seta next monitoring field device provision parameter (e.g.,Next_Monitoring_Time) to be a variable number of seconds (e.g.,BSF_MONITORING_ADVANCE_TIME) prior to the broadcast schedule period(BSP) start time. This may allow the receiver device to have enough timeto detect a broadcast schedule message update and receive the updatedbroadcast schedule message before the start of the correspondingbroadcast schedule period.

FIG. 18 also illustrates that, in various embodiments, the server mayuse a maximum network delay device provision parameter (e.g., MaxNetwork Delay) that identifies a delay from the server to the device todetermine a start time for the server to start sending the updatedbroadcast schedule message. In various embodiments, the server may setthe next monitoring time in the local-area broadcast schedule messageand the wide-area broadcast schedule message to be the same value. Thisallows the device to save energy. Since, a receiver device may movebetween multiplexes (e.g., one broadcast region to another), a receiverdevice may receive a broadcast schedule flow (BSF) 70 on a new multiplexevery time the receiver moves to a new multiplex.

If the next monitoring time is later than the current time by no morethan a number of seconds (e.g., MAX_BSF_MONITORING_PERIOD), a receiverdevice may deregister the broadcast schedule flow 70 after processingthe fields in a received broadcast schedule message. After processingthe fields in a received broadcast schedule message, a receiver devicemay continue receiving the broadcast schedule flow 70, on the conditionthat the next monitoring time is not later than the current time. Afterprocessing the fields in a received broadcast schedule message, thedevice may continue to receive the broadcast schedule flow 70 if thenext monitoring time is later than the current time by more than anumber of seconds (e.g., MAX_BSF_MONITORING_PERIOD).

A receiver device may schedule receiving the broadcast schedule flow(BSF) 70 at the next monitoring time. If the device is out of flowcoverage at the broadcast schedule flow's monitoring time, the devicemay receive the broadcast schedule flow 70 when it reenters the flowcoverage area. A receiver device may receive the broadcast schedule flow70 whenever the file delivery framework (FDF) on the device starts. Thefile delivery framework on the device may expire a broadcast schedulemessage (BSM) a number of seconds (e.g., FDF_BSM_EXPIRY_TIME) after ithas been processed. The file delivery framework on the device may cancela previously scheduled download if it is no longer specified in thelatest broadcast schedule message. The server may set the nextmonitoring time in the local-area and wide-area broadcast schedulemessages to be the same value. The server may set the next monitoringtime for broadcast schedule flow 70 to be a number of seconds (e.g.,BSF_MONITORING_ADVANCE_TIME) prior to the corresponding broadcastschedule period start time. A receiver device may receive the updatedbroadcast schedule message on the broadcast schedule flow 70 when theversion of a broadcast schedule message (e.g., BSM_VERSION) for a givenmultiplex in the directory information message (DIM) received from theinitial acquisition flow (IAF) is different from the version of thelatest broadcast schedule message for the same multiplex the device hasprocessed.

In various embodiments, the server may set the initial acquisitionflow's (IAF) next monitoring time a number of seconds (e.g.,BSF_MONITORING_ADVANCE_TIME) ahead of the start time of the nextbroadcast schedule period (BSP). The server may broadcast an updatedbroadcast schedule message before bumping up the version identifier(e.g., BSM_VERSION) for it in the directory information message (DIM) atthe next monitor time. The receiver device may process a broadcastschedule message received on a broadcast schedule flow 70, if itsversion identifier (e.g., BSM_VERSION) is equal to the versionidentifier of the same broadcast schedule flow 70 in the latestdirectory information message. The device may save a broadcast schedulemessage received on a broadcast schedule flow 70 if its BSM_VERSION isequal to the BSM_VERSION for the same broadcast schedule flow 70 in thelatest directory information message. When the device moves to a newmultiplex, it may receive the broadcast schedule flow 70 on the newmultiplex.

FIG. 19 illustrates a software architecture of the file deliveryframework (FDF) on a receiver device. Specifically, FIG. 19 illustratesthat the file delivery framework may include a file delivery core (FDC)layer and a file delivery file management (FDM) layer. The file deliverycore may be responsible for transporting data (e.g., processing BSFs),receiving data from the data flow, and performing various otherfunctions on the received data (e.g., FEC decoding). The file deliveryfile management layer may be responsible for managing the data receivedby file delivery core layer as files. Since file management is deviceplatform dependent (e.g., Linux and Windows Mobile have different filename conventions), in various embodiments, each application may be itsown instance of a file delivery file management layer. This allowsuniversal mobile receiver (UMR) devices, on which the file delivery coreruns, to work with applications on different types of devices.

FIG. 20 illustrates an embodiment method 2000 for implementing a filedelivery framework that supports file sharing across the differentapplications. FIG. 20 illustrates that, in step 2002, an application mayissue a request to the file delivery file management layer to capture afile or directory. This capture request could be a “capture once”request or an “auto-capture” request. In step 2004, the file deliveryfile management layer passes the file and directory names to the filedelivery core, where the file delivery core stores them in a table as“wanted strings.”

In step 2006, the file delivery core may receive an updated broadcastschedule message (BSM) from the broadcast schedule flow (BSF) having oneor more broadcast schedule records (BSRs), one for each elementbroadcasted in the corresponding broadcast schedule period (BSP). Instep 2008, the file delivery core compares the file/directory names inthe broadcast schedule record to the wanted strings, for each broadcastschedule record. If there is a match, in step 2010, the file deliverycore may check with the file delivery file management (FDM) layer to seeif the device already has the element identified by the element ID inthe matched broadcast schedule record. If not, in step 2014, the filedelivery core (FDC) may schedule receiving the element according to thebroadcast schedule information in the matched broadcast schedule record(BSR). In step 2016, the file delivery core may receive one or more filedelivery protocol (FDP) and/or file delivery control protocol (FDCP)messages for the wanted element at the scheduled time, and performforward error correction (FEC) decoding to recover the element data. Instep 2018, the file delivery core may forward the received element tothe file delivery file management layer. In step 2020, the file deliveryfile management layer may save the element (in the form of files) in theapplication's storage space, in accordance with the application'sstorage policy. In various embodiments, the file delivery filemanagement layer may also maintain various pieces of additionalinformation, such as the memory location where the element is stored andthe element's ID. In step 2022, the file delivery file management maynotify the application that a file has been received for it.

FIGS. 21-23 are software architecture diagrams illustrating thestructure and dataflow of a file delivery framework (FDF) on a receiverdevice. FIG. 21 illustrates the structure, dataflow and high-level stepsthat may be used by the framework to manage the interaction between thedifferent layers and to keep track of and maintain a “wanted strings”table. Specifically, FIG. 21 illustrates an embodiment functionpartitioning between the file delivery file management (FDM) layer andfile delivery core (FDC) layer, in which the file delivery filemanagement layer passes application requests to the file delivery corelayer. For example, FIG. 20 illustrates that an application may issue arequest (arrow 2101) for the file delivery file management layer tocapture a file once, or auto-capture a file or directory. This request2001 corresponds to step 2002 described above with reference to FIG. 20.In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 21, the files and directories arespecified by their names. In other embodiments, the files anddirectories may be specified by using a variety of naming and/oridentification conventions, some examples of which are discussed below.

Referring to FIG. 21, once a request is issued by an application, thefile delivery framework (FDF) may maintain the name of the file ordirectory requested to be captured once (e.g., via a Capture_Oncecommand) until the file or some files in the directory are successfullyreceived. The file delivery framework may also maintain the name of thefile or directory requested by an application to be automaticallycaptured (e.g., via an Auto_Capture command) until the applicationcancels the request. The file delivery file management layer may pass(arrow 2102) the file and directory names to the file delivery core. Thefile delivery core may store the file and directory names in a table as“wanted strings.”

FIG. 22 illustrates the structure and dataflow of a file deliveryframework (FDF) on a receiver device, and the decision process by whichthe file delivery framework chooses to receive a file. For example, thefile delivery core (FDC) layer may receive (arrow 2201) an updatedbroadcast schedule message (BSM) from the broadcast schedule flow (BSF).The broadcast schedule message may have one or more broadcast schedulerecords (BSR₁, BSR₂), one for each element broadcasted in thecorresponding broadcast schedule period (BSP). A broadcast schedulerecord may contain an element ID for a corresponding element, one ormore file/directory names for file(s) in the element, and broadcastschedule information. The file delivery core may compare (arrow 2202)the file/directory names in the broadcast schedule record to the wantedstrings for each broadcast schedule record. If there is a match, thefile delivery core may check with the file delivery file managementlayer (arrow 2203) to see if the device already has the elementidentified by the element ID in the matched broadcast schedule record.If not, the file delivery core may schedule receiving the elementaccording to the broadcast schedule information in the matched broadcastschedule record. It should be noted that, in various embodiments,different versions of a file may have different element IDs. It shouldalso be noted that, in various embodiments, filtering, based on theelement IDs, may be used to enable the file delivery framework toreceive updates to files that already exist on the device, as discussedin more detail below.

FIG. 22 also illustrates that, in various embodiments, the file deliveryfile management (FDM) layer may maintain a managed element table (MET).The managed element table may contain information about all the elementsreceived by the file delivery framework. In various embodiments, themanaged element table may also contain various pieces of additionalinformation, such as element IDs, file names, aliases (in embodimentswhere an element can have multiple file names), storage names, and otherattributes. The managed element table is discussed in more detail belowwith reference to FIGS. 40 and 57.

Returning to FIG. 22, in various embodiments, the file delivery filemanagement (FDM) layer may maintain a wanted string table (e.g., WantedStrings). The wanted string table may include various pieces ofinformation, such as a file or directory name requested by anapplication (e.g., String). The wanted string table may also include arequest handle (e.g., Req Inst) that uniquely identifies a request fromthe application. In various embodiments, the file delivery core may usethe request handle to identify the file delivery file management layerinstances that should be notified when the file delivery core receivesan element matching a particular request.

FIG. 22 also illustrates that the file delivery core (FDC) may receiveupdated broadcast schedule messages (BSMs) on the broadcast scheduleflow (BSF). The file delivery core also may have a data filtering unit2210 that selectively receives only the elements the applications areinterested in. That is, the data filtering unit 2210 may be responsiblefor selectively receiving the elements the applications have registeredto receive, as determined by the broadcast schedule message. In variousembodiments, the data filtering unit may process flow broadcast schedulerecords (FBSRs) in a latest broadcast schedule message to determinewhether any of the elements that the applications are interested in willbe broadcasted. In various embodiments, the data filtering unit may usethe flow broadcast schedule records, along with the broadcast scheduleinformation contained within the broadcast schedule message, to schedulethe receiver devices downloading of the elements that the applicationsare interested in. In various embodiments, the file delivery core mayuse this schedule to wake up the receiver circuitry at the scheduledtime to receive the elements in which the applications are interested.

FIG. 23 illustrates an example structure and dataflow of a file deliveryframework (FDF) on a receiver device, and the process by which the filedelivery framework on a receiver device may receive and store files. Inthe illustrated example, the file delivery core (FDC) receives FDP/FDCPmessages (arrow 2301) for a wanted element at a scheduled time, andstores it in a scratch space 2310. In some embodiments the file deliverycore may also perform forward error correction decoding on the FDP/FDCPmessages (carrying FEC encoded symbols and FEC encoding information,respectively) to recover the element data. The file delivery core mayforward (arrow 2302) the received element to the file delivery filemanagement (FDM) layer. The file delivery file management layer may savethe element (arrow 2303) in the form of files in the application'sstorage space 2315, in accordance with the application's storage policy.In various embodiments, the file delivery file management layer may alsomaintain various pieces of information, such as where the element isstored (Storage) and the element's ID (EID). After saving the element inthe application's storage space, the file delivery file management layermay notify the application (arrow 2304) that a file has been receivedfor the application.

FIG. 24 illustrates an embodiment method 2400 for implementing the datafiltering unit 2210 in the file delivery core to selectively receiveonly the elements that the applications are interested in, withreception determined based on information in the broadcast schedulemessages. In step 2402, the data filtering unit 2210 processes the flowbroadcast schedule record (FBSR) headers to identify broadcast schedulerecords (BSRs) names or characteristics. In determination step 2404, thedata filtering unit 2210 may determine if there are any un-processedbroadcast schedule records of interest (i.e., records satisfy namingconventions or selection criteria specified by requesting applications)in the received broadcast schedule message. If not (i.e., determinationstep 2404=“no”), the data filtering unit 2210 may shut down. However, ifthere are unprocessed broadcast schedule records of interest (i.e.,determination step 2404=“yes”), in step 2406, the data filtering unit2210 may read the unprocessed broadcast schedule records from the flowbroadcast schedule record body (e.g., FBSR body). In step 2408, the datafiltering unit 2210 may process the broadcast schedule records, andreturn to determination step 2404 to determine if all the flow broadcastschedule records of interest have been processed. This process maycontinue until all the flow broadcast schedule records of interest havebeen processed (i.e., determination step 2404=“no”).

FIG. 25 illustrates an embodiment method 2500 for processing thebroadcast schedule records in a flow broadcast schedule record. Indetermination step 2502, the data filtering unit 2210 of a file deliverycore determines if there are any unprocessed fields in the broadcastschedule record. If so (i.e., determination step 2502=“yes”), the filedelivery core determines if it should receive the element described bythe broadcast schedule record. In various embodiments, the file deliverycore may decide to receive an element whenever: the correspondingbroadcast schedule record has at least one attribute string thattwo-way-token-prefix-matches a wanted string; the element doesn't existin file delivery core's scratch space; and the element does not exist inthe application's storage space. The process by which the fide deliverycore decides to receive an element is discussed in more detail below.

Returning to FIG. 25, determining whether an element should be receivedmay begin in step 2504 with the data filtering unit 2210 reading a fieldof interest from an unprocessed broadcast schedule record. Indetermination step 2506, the data filtering unit 2210 may determine ifthe field of interest, or element, is a prefix-matching field. If theelement is not a prefix-matching field (i.e., determination step2506=“no”), the data filtering unit 2210 may return to determinationstep 2502 to determine if there are any more unprocessed fields in thebroadcast schedule record. However, if the field of interest is aprefix-matching field (i.e., determination step 2506=“yes”), indetermination step 2510, the data filtering unit 2210 may determine ifthe element “two-way-token-prefix-matches” a wanted string.

In various embodiments, string s1 “two-way-token-prefix-matches” strings2 whenever s1 is a token-prefix of s2 or s2 is a token-prefix of s1. Invarious embodiments, the token-prefix match in the file deliveryframework may be based on tokens that are defined as the components inthe file, or on tokens that are defined as directory names that areseparated by the slash “/” punctuation character. For example, in suchembodiments, the file name “/cnn/tech/f1.mp4” will be determined to havethree tokens: cnn; tech; and f1.mp4. Thus, the file delivery frameworkmay consider string s1 is a prefix of string s2 if any the following aretrue: s1 has tokens t1, 1, t1, 2, . . . , t1, K; s2 has tokens t2, 1,t2, 2, t2, 3, . . . , t2, L; k is less than or equal to L; t1, j isequal to t2, j for j=1, 2, . . . , K. In these embodiments, if thebroadcast schedule record indicates that a file is broadcasted for“/cnn/tech/” and the application wants any files under “/cnn/”—the filedelivery core should receive the file broadcasted for /cnn/tech/.Likewise, if the broadcast schedule record indicates a file isbroadcasted for “/cnn” and the application wants any files under“/cnn/tech/” then the file delivery core should receive the filebroadcasted for /cnn, so as to avoid missing any files that may be under“/cnn/tech/”. In an embodiment, all the string matches may be casesensitive. In an embodiment, the file delivery core may apply the samestring matching algorithm regardless of whether the broadcast schedulerecord is for a file or for a file bundle.

Returning to FIG. 25, if the 2-way-prefix-matches a wanted string (i.e.,determination step 2510=“yes”), the flow may proceed to determinationstep 2512 in which the data filtering unit 2210 may determine if thefile delivery file management (FDM) layer already contains the element.If so (i.e., determination step 2512=“yes”), the processing stops. Ifthe file delivery file management layer does not contain the element(i.e., determination step 2512=“no”), the data filtering unit 2210 mayschedule receiving the corresponding element in step 2514, if it has notalready been scheduled. In various embodiments, the correspondingelement may be scheduled according to the broadcast schedule record(e.g., BCAST_SCHEDULE_RECORD) on the flow id (e.g., FLOW_ID). In step2516, the data filtering unit 2210 may process the other fields in thebroadcast schedule record.

FIG. 26 illustrates the structure and dataflow of a file deliveryframework (FDF) on a receiver device, and the process by which broadcastschedule records may be processed. As discussed above, the file deliverycore (FDC) may receive an element if the corresponding broadcastschedule record (BSR) has at least one attribute string thattwo-way-token-prefix-matches a wanted string, and the element doesn'texist in file delivery core's scratch space. Arrow 2601 illustrates thedataflow and process by which the data filtering unit 2210 of the filedelivery core reads an element from an unprocessed broadcast schedulerecord, determines if the element is a prefix-matching field, anddetermines if the element two-way-token-prefix-matches a wanted string.Arrow 2602 illustrates the dataflow and process by which the datafiltering unit 2210 of the file delivery core determines if the filedelivery file management (FDM) layer already contains the element. Ifthe file delivery file management layer does not contain the element,the file delivery core may schedule receiving the corresponding element,if it has not already been scheduled. If the decision is to receive theelement, a scheduler 2605 in the file delivery core may schedulereceiving the element at the broadcast window specified in the broadcastschedule record. In various embodiments, the file delivery framework onthe receiver device may schedule receiving the element described by abroadcast schedule record if the broadcast schedule record has at leastone attribute string that two-way-token-prefix-matches a file ordirectory name requested by applications, and the element does notalready exist on the device.

FIG. 27 is a timeline diagram illustrating a situation in whichreception of a file is disrupted during the time the file is beingbroadcast. In the various embodiments, by storing the partial file inthe scratch space 2310, the file delivery core can wait for the filetransfer to resume and make a second determination as to the feasibilityof applying the forward error correction code on the downloaded files.

FIG. 28 illustrates how downloaded data 2805 may be passed to and storedin a scratch space memory 2310. As discussed above, the file deliverycore may have a scratch space memory 2310 for storing downloaded filesbefore applying forward error correction (FEC) decoding on thedownloaded files, as well as for holding decoded files. In variousembodiments, the file delivery core stores unfinished downloads,finished but un-decoded downloads, and decoded downloads in the scratchspace 2310.

In a variety of situations, the scratch space 2310 may store unfinisheddownloads. For example, the downloaded data be stored in the scratchspace for forward error correction decoding (i.e., the download isunfinished). In the various embodiments, the downloaded data may be keptin the scratch space 2310 until the broadcast is over, which mayaccommodate situations of interrupted data reception as illustrated inFIG. 27.

As discussed above, the scratch space 2310 may also store finished butun-decoded downloads. That is, in various situations, downloads may haveenough data for successful forward error correction (FEC) decoding butthe forward error correction decoding has not been completed yet (i.e.,the downloads are finished but un-decoded). In these situations, thefile delivery core may store these files in the scratch space until theycan be decoded. In some embodiments, to limit processor usage, theforward error correction decoder may decode one file a time. In someembodiments, the forward error correction decoder may be prevented fromdecoding a file when the device is downloading file delivery data. Insome embodiments, the scratch space 2310 may store decoded downloadsthat have not yet been delivered to the requesting application.

In an embodiment, the scratch space 2310 may be located on the internalmemory of the receiving device. In other embodiments, receiver devicesmay have a scratch space 2310 on both internal and external memories. Inthese embodiments, the file delivery framework application may have bothan internal memory storage policy as well as an external memory storagepolicy. In various embodiments, the file delivery core may use theinternal scratch space for those applications that use the internalmemory storage policy, and use the external scratch space for thoseapplications that use the external memory storage policy.

In various embodiments, the scratch space management policies mayinclude policies and functions for moving data among various memorylocations. The scratch space management policies may include functionsto move successfully decoded elements from the scratch space 2310 toapplication storage space. The scratch space management policies mayinclude functions to periodically delete useless data on the scratchspace 2310. The scratch space management policies may include functionsto delete data on the scratch space 2310 when the scratch space 2310runs out of, or is about to run out of, space. The file deliveryframework on the device may use the scratch space 2310 in the internalmemory or external memories for various applications. The file deliveryframework on the device may use the scratch space 2310 in the internalmemory for applications that use the internal memory storage policy. Thefile delivery framework on the device may use the scratch space 2310 inthe external memory for applications that use the external memorystorage policy. The file delivery framework on the device may use thescratch space 2310 with any combination of internal and externalmemories and storage policies.

FIG. 29 illustrates an embodiment method 2900 for processing and storingelements. In step 2902, the file delivery core successfully forwarderror correction (FEC) decodes an element that corresponds to a singlefile. In step 2904, the file delivery core may notify the file deliveryfile management (FDM) layer that an element has been received. In step2906, the file delivery file management layer may determine the storagelocation for the file in the element. In step 2908, the file deliveryfile management layer may direct the file delivery core to move theelement from the scratch space 2310 to the storage location. In step2910, the file delivery framework on the device may move the elements tothe application's storage space 2310 after successfully receivingelements for an application, if there is enough space in theapplication's storage space.

In various embodiments, the file delivery core may periodically deleteuseless data on the scratch space. In various embodiments, the filedelivery core may periodically clean up the scratch space by deletingthe data in unfinished downloads whose broadcasts have ended and thereis no unicast fallback mechanism for them. In various embodiments, thefile delivery core may periodically clean up the scratch space bydeleting the data in successfully decoded elements that failed to bemoved to application storage space and have been in the scratch spacefor a number of seconds indicated by a device provision parameter (e.g.,FDF_MAX_ELEMENT_TIME_IN_SCRATCH_SPACE). In various embodiments, theclean-up period may be controlled by a device configuration parameter,such as FDF_SCRATCH_SPACE_CLEAN_UP_PERIOD. In various embodiments, theperiodic scratch space clean-up mechanism may keep a footprint of thescratch space small. In an embodiment, the file delivery frameworkdeletes unfinished download data (data is not enough for successful FECdecoding) whose broadcasts have ended and there is no unicast fallbackfor them, once every few (e.g., FDF_SCRATCH_SPACE_CLEAN_UP_PERIOD)seconds. In an embodiment, the file delivery framework deletes data thatwas successfully decoded more than a variable number of seconds (e.g.,DF_MAX_ELEMENT_TIME_IN_SCRATCH_SPACE seconds) ago and failed to be movedto the application storage space.

In various embodiments, the file delivery core may determine that it hasrun out of scratch space if the scratch space size reaches an upperthreshold limit. The file delivery core may also determine that it hasrun out of scratch space if the memory space where the scratch spaceresides is full. In an embodiment, the internal scratch space upperlimit may be specified by an original equipment manufacturer (OEM)provisioning device parameter (e.g.,FDF_MAX_INTERNAL_SCRATCH_SPACE_SIZE). If the OEM provisioning deviceparameter (e.g., FDF_MAX_INTERNAL_SCRATCH_SPACE_SIZE) is absent, thereceiver device may use the parameter's default value as the internalscratch space upper limit. In various embodiments, the external scratchspace upper limit may be specified by a device debug parameter, such asFDF_MAX_EXTERNAL_SCRATCH_SPACE_SIZE.

FIG. 30 illustrates an embodiment method 3000 for selecting items todelete from the scratch space memory. In various embodiments, the filedelivery core use a series of rules to determine when data needs to bedeleted from the scratch space and which data should be deleted. Forexample, the file delivery core may use a number of prioritized rules(ex. rule 1 and rule 2) to determine which data should be deleted, inwhich the rules are implemented in a priority order (e.g., rule 1 hashigher priority than rule 2). For example, the first rule (Rule 1) maybe that decoded elements have the highest priority, while the secondrule (Rule 2) may be that finished downloads have higher priority thanunfinished downloads. In various embodiments, the file delivery core maymaintain a sorted list with an entry for each data piece in the scratchspace. In various embodiments, the file delivery core may use theprioritized rules (e.g., Rule 1 and Rule 2) to sort the list such asillustrated in FIG. 30.

In step 3002 of FIG. 30, the file delivery core may apply the first rule(Rule 1) to sort the list. In step 3004, the file delivery core maycreate a few level 1 buckets, so that entries in the same level (e.g.,level 1) bucket have the same order or priority according to the firstrule (e.g., Rule 1). In step 3006, the file delivery core may apply asecond rule (e.g., Rule 2) to each of the first level (e.g., level 1)buckets generated in step 3004. This will split each of the first level(e.g., level 1) buckets into a few smaller second level buckets, asillustrated in step 3008. This may result in the entries in the samelevel (e.g., level 2) buckets having the same order or priorityaccording to the first and second rules (e.g., Rule 1 and Rule 2). In anembodiment, this process may be continued until the all the rules havebeen applied to the entries in the list of items stored in the scratchspace.

FIG. 31 illustrates the application of method 3000 to a list of list ofitems stored in the scratch space. Specifically, FIG. 31 illustratesthat the first rule (e.g., Rule 1) may be applied to all data in thescratch space that is eligible for deletion. The application of thefirst rule separates the data in the scratch space into a number offirst level buckets (Level 1 Buckets). The second rule (e.g., Rule 2) isthen applied to each of the first level buckets to further separate thedata into a number of second level buckets (Level 2 Buckets). In anembodiment, the second level buckets may be organized in accordance withtheir maximum space sizes.

In various embodiments, the file delivery core may determine if it willrun out of scratch every time the file delivery core receives data fromthe data flow for an element, and again when a finished but un-decodeddownload in the scratch space is selected for forward error correction(FEC) decoding. The latter check may be necessary because encodedelements of different sizes may require different amounts of temporarymemory in the scratch space for forward error correction decoding.

In various embodiments, if the file delivery core detects that it willrun out of scratch space, it may delete data with the lowest order inthe sorted list. The file delivery core may continue to delete datauntil the new space requirements can be met. In various embodiments, ifthere are multiple data units that have the lowest order, the filedelivery core may randomly pick one or more to delete. If an unfinisheddownload needs to be deleted and its download is still ongoing, the FDFmay abort the download before the deletion. When the file delivery corestarts to download an element, it may add an entry for it to the sortedlist. If an element that is being downloaded is chosen to be deleted dueto running out of scratch space, the file delivery framework may cancelits download.

In various embodiments, the file delivery framework on the device maydetermine that it will run out of the internal scratch space based onwhether the internal scratch space size in bytes is equal to or greaterthan an OEM provisioning device parameter (e.g.,FDF_MAX_INTERNAL_SCRATCH_SPACE_SIZE). In an embodiment, if the OEMprovisioning device parameter (e.g,FDF_MAX_INTERNAL_SCRATCH_SPACE_SIZE), is absent on the device, thedevice may use the parameter's default value as the upper limit of theinternal scratch space. In an embodiment, the file delivery framework onthe device may determine that it will run out of the external scratchspace based on whether the external scratch space size is equal orgreater than a device debug parameter (e.g.,FDF_MAX_EXTERNAL_SCRATCH_SPACE_SIZE). In an embodiment, the filedelivery framework on the device may determine that it will run out ofscratch space based on whether the memory card where the scratch spaceresides runs out of space. In an embodiment, the file delivery frameworkon the device may check to determine if it will run out of the internalscratch space when it receives data from the data flow for anapplication that uses internal memory storage policy. In an embodiment,the file delivery framework on the device may check to determine if itwill run out of the external scratch space when it receives data fromthe data flow for an application that uses external memory storagepolicy. In an embodiment, the file delivery framework on the device maycheck to determine if it will run out of scratch space when it starts toforward error correction (FEC) decode an element in the scratch space.In an embodiment, the file delivery framework on the device may stopwriting data to the scratch space if it runs out of scratch space. In anembodiment, when detecting there is not enough scratch space for a newneed, the file delivery framework on the device may delete only theminimum necessary amount data from the scratch space that enables thenew storage requirement to be met. In an embodiment, when deleting datafrom the scratch space in response to running out of scratch space, thefile delivery framework on the device may delete data that has thelowest order or priority as determined according to two rules: rule1—decoded element has highest priority; and rule 2—the finisheddownloads have higher priority than the unfinished one, where rule 1 hashigher priority than rule 2. In an embodiment, if an element that isbeing downloaded is chosen to be deleted in response to running out ofscratch space, the file delivery framework on the device may cancel itsdownload.

In various embodiments, the file delivery framework may use multiplefile delivery data flows to fully support the demand for file deliveryservices. This may be the case when there are multiple multiplexes(e.g., a wide multiplex and a local multiplex, or more than onemultiplex on multiple radio frequencies in a multi-frequency networkdeployment), and more than one of the multiplexes has one or more filedelivery data flows. In various embodiments, these multiplexes may alluse the same broadcast technology, such as MediaFLO® technology,different broadcast technologies (e.g., MediaFLO®, ISDB-T, etc.), or anycombination of broadcast technologies.

As discussed above, the file delivery framework may use multiple filedelivery data flows when there are multiple multiplexes. In anembodiment, the file delivery framework may also use multiple filedelivery data flows when there is a single multiplex with more than onedata flow. For example, FIG. 32 is a timeline diagram illustrating howmultiple file delivery data flows may be used on a single multiplexhaving two data flows for carrying file transmissions. Specifically,FIG. 32 illustrates how a first data flow is provided to carry regularfile transmissions and another data flow is provided to carry moreurgent file transmissions. In this embodiment, if an urgent file (e.g.,File 2) is received for transmission while a larger lower priority file(e.g., File 1) is being transmitted, the urgent file (i.e., File 2) canbe transmitted on the urgent data flow without having to wait for theconclusion of the transmission of the other lower priority file (i.e.,File 1). In this manner, the file delivery framework can accommodate lowand high priority files, as well as prompt transmission of late arrivingurgent files, while using a single multiplex.

In various embodiments, the file delivery framework may include abroadcast schedule flow for each multiplex that has at least one filedelivery data flow. As illustrated in FIG. 33, a broadcast schedulemessage broadcasted on the broadcast schedule flow may only describebroadcast schedules for the data flows on the respective multiplex. Inother words, in various embodiments, there may only be one broadcastschedule message (BSM) per multiplex. Thus, in various embodiments, asingle broadcast schedule message may carry broadcast scheduleinformation for transmissions on different multiplexes. FIG. 33illustrates how, in these embodiments, different versions (Version 1,Version 2) of broadcast schedule flows (BSF1, BSF2) on differentmultiplexes (WM1, WM2), or even on different broadcast networks, may besignaled by different records in a directory information message (DIM).Receiver devices may detect and receive updated broadcast schedulemessages on a broadcast schedule flow (e.g., BSF1) independently ofother broadcast schedule flows (e.g., BSF2). Thus, as illustrated inFIG. 33, a directory information message (DIM) may specify that a firstwide multiplex (e.g., WM1) includes a first broadcast schedule flow(e.g., BSF1) of a first version (e.g., Version 1), and that a secondwide multiplex (e.g., WM1) includes a second broadcast schedule flow(e.g., BSF2) of a second version (e.g., Version 2). In variousembodiments, the broadcast schedule flows (e.g., BSF1, BSF2) may bebroadcast simultaneously on different radio frequency networks (e.g.,RF1, RF2). In various embodiments, the directory information message maybe an overhead message carried in an initial acquisition flow (IAF) toprovide bootstrapping information regarding which broadcast networks inwhich transport stream identifiers (e.g., a flow ID for a broadcastschedule flow) in those networks are used to carry broadcast schedulemessages.

FIG. 34 illustrates an example of how in a multi-frequency network(MFN), it is possible for a receiver device to detect that there is anupdate to a broadcast schedule flow, but at the same time, identify thatit cannot receive the update. In the example illustrated in FIG. 34, aninitial acquisition flow (e.g., IAF) indicates that a broadcast scheduleflow (e.g., BSF2) on a second radio frequency network (e.g., RF2) isupdated. However, the device cannot switch to the second radio frequencynetwork (e.g., RF2). In such circumstances, the file delivery frameworkmay experience an extra data loss, because the receiver device cannotreceive the file delivery data flow (as described by BSF 2) on thesecond radio frequency network (e.g., RF2). In an embodiment, thereceiver device may detect the existence of the update and identify theupdate as non-receivable. In an embodiment, when a receiver deviceidentifies an update as non-receivable, the receiver device may activatea recovery process to mitigate the data loss.

FIG. 35 illustrates how receiver devices may be configured such thatwhen the device moves to a new multiplex, the device may be forced toreceive the broadcast schedule message for the new multiplex. In variousembodiments, this mobility behavior may be implemented so as to beapplicable to both local multiplexes (e.g., LM1, LM2) and widemultiplexes (e.g., WM1, WM2).

FIG. 36 illustrates a file delivery framework configuration thatsupports more than one multiplex on the same radio frequency. That is,in the various embodiments, different multiplexes do not necessarilyhave to be on different radio frequencies. For example, a first radiofrequency (e.g., RF1) may contain both a local multiplex (e.g., LM B)and a wide multiplex (e.g., WM1). When the file delivery core receivesmultiple data flows on the same radio frequency, the total rate of theflows should be no more than a device platform specific parameter (e.g.,FDF_MAX_FD_RECEIVE_RATE). Since the file delivery framework may run inthe background, this limit on the total flow rate may reduce the impactof file delivery framework on foreground tasks like real time videoreception and display. In various embodiments, the data flow rates maybe signaled or specified in broadcast schedule messages. In anembodiment, if the file delivery core needs to receive multiple dataflows at the same time on the same radio frequency according to the datafiltering decision, and the total rate of the flows is more than aspecific parameter (e.g., FDF_MAX_FD_RECEIVE_RATE), the file deliverycore may randomly pick a subset of data flows to receive such that thetotal rate of the picked data flows is no more than the specificparameter (e.g., FDF_MAX_FD_RECEIVE_RATE). In various embodiments, thefile delivery framework may determine if two data flows on two differentmultiplexes are on the same radio frequency by obtaining their radiofrequency IDs from a flow protocol stack (FPS).

FIG. 37 illustrates a file delivery framework configuration in which thefile delivery core is configured to schedule file downloads on differentradio frequencies independently. That is, in a multi-frequency networkdeployment, the file delivery core may schedule receiving file deliverydata flows (e.g., Data Flow 1-2) on a radio frequency (e.g., RF1) andregister them to the flow protocol stack (e.g., FPS) regardless of theexistence other radio frequencies (e.g., RF2). If there are multiplefiles (e.g., Files 1-4) that are going to be broadcasted at the sametime on different radio frequencies (e.g., RF1, RF2), the file deliverycore may schedule receiving all of them, even though it can only receiveone radio frequency. In this embodiment, it is up to flow protocol stackto decide which radio frequency it can receive, because only the flowprotocol stack possesses information regarding all of the services(including real-time services having a higher priority than filedelivery service) the device needs to handle. In an embodiment, when thefile delivery framework on the device needs to receive multiple dataflows at the same time on the same radio frequency and the total datarate of the flows is more than a specific parameter (e.g., FDF_MAX_FDRECEIVE_RATE), the file delivery framework may randomly pick a subset ofdata flows to receive such that the total rate of the picked data flowsis no more than the specific parameter (e.g., FDF_MAX_FD_RECEIVE_RATE).In an embodiment, the file delivery framework on the device may schedulereceiving file delivery data flow(s) on a radio frequency regardless ofthe presence of other radio frequencies.

FIG. 38 illustrates how a file delivery pipe (FDP) payload (i.e., theoutcome of FEC decoding performed by a FDCP/FDP sub-layer) may includetwo parts: a file delivery core payload (FDC Payload); and a cyclicredundancy check (CRC) trailer. The file delivery pipe payload mayinclude the element and the file delivery core payload trailer. In anembodiment, the cyclic redundancy check trailer may be a 16-bit checksumgenerated using a standard CRC-CCITT generator polynomial. In variousembodiments, the file delivery core may perform a cyclic redundancycheck on the received file delivery core payload based on a 16 bitcyclic redundancy check checksum trailer. If the cyclic redundancy checkis successful, the file delivery core may strip the cyclic redundancycheck checksum and pass the file delivery core payload to the filedelivery file management (FDM) layer. In an embodiment, the filedelivery framework on the device may use a CRC-CCITT generatorpolynomial to perform a cyclic redundancy check on the received filedelivery core payload based on the 16-bit cyclic redundancy checkchecksum in the payload. In an embodiment, the file delivery frameworkon the device may discard a received file delivery core payload if thechecksum on it fails. In various embodiments, when an application exits,the file delivery framework may release the resources allocated to it.The allocated resources that are released may include entries in thewanted string table.

As discussed above, the file delivery file management (FDM) layer may beresponsible for managing the data received by the file delivery core(FDC) as files. Each file delivered by the file delivery framework mayhave one or more device platform independent file names that follow UNIXfile naming convention (e.g., root directory is represented by “/” anddirectories or file base names are separated by “/”). Each file receivedby the file delivery framework on the device may also have a storagename that specifies the physical storage location of the file. Thestorage names may be device platform dependent. For example, a file withfile name “/tad/f1.mp4” may be stored at “c:\fdroot\tad\f1.mp4” and“/ext/fdroot/tad/f1.mp4” on a Window Mobile and Linux based devices,respectively. It should be noted that, in various embodiments, thecommunication between the file delivery framework and the deviceapplications may be based on a device platform independent file name,and not on a device platform dependent storage name.

When the file delivery framework receives a file for an application, itmay automatically map its file name to a storage name according to theapplication's storage policy, and store the file at the location pointedto by the storage name. An application's storage policy may specify thetype of memory (internal or external) that the file delivery frameworkcan use to store files it receives for the application. In anembodiment, when registering with the file delivery framework, anapplication may specify one of the following storage policies: internalmemory only; internal first and then external; external memory only; andexternal first and then internal. In an embodiment, a receiver devicemay be configured to support only an “internal memory only” policy. Inanother embodiment, a receiver device may be configured to support only“internal memory only” and “external memory only” policies. In yet otherembodiments, receiver devices may be configured to support all storagepolicies, or any combination thereof.

FIG. 39 illustrates an example file naming convention and mapping offile names to storage names according to an embodiment. In this example,the file delivery framework maps a file name to a storage name asfollowings: each separator “/” in the file name is converted to a deviceplatform dependent separator (e.g., “\”); and the converted string isappended after the physical base directory (e.g., C:, D:) correspondingto the memory type selected (e.g., internal, external) by theapplication's storage policy. In an embodiment, the application mayprovide the physical base directories during a registration phase. In anembodiment, an application may ask the file delivery framework to mapits file name to a storage name, and then use the storage name to accessthe file, before the application first accesses a file received by thefile delivery framework.

FIG. 40 illustrates an example managed element table (MET). As discussedabove, each application's file delivery file management (FDM) layer maymaintain a managed element table that has information about all theelements (file or file bundle) that the file delivery framework hasreceived for the application and still exist on the device. The managedelement table may contain various pieces of information, such as elementIDs (EID), file names (Name), storage names (Storage), reference numbers(Ref) and other attributes (Attr). In an embodiment, the file deliveryframework may map a file name to a storage name by mapping the rootdirectory in the file name “/” to “fdroot” at the root of physicalmemory selected according to the storage policy, converting eachseparator “/” in the rest of the file name after the root directory “/”to a device platform dependent separator, and appending the convertedstring after the “fdroot/”.

In an embodiment, the file delivery framework on the device may map afile name to a storage name by converting each separator “/” in the filename to device platform dependent separator and then appending theconverted string after the physical base directory corresponding to thememory type selected by the application's storage policy. In anembodiment, the file delivery framework on the device may support the“internal memory only” storage policy for applications. In anembodiment, the file delivery framework on the device may support the“external memory only” storage policy for applications.

In the various embodiments, when an application registers with the filedelivery framework, it may specify: the application's storage policy;the application's physical base directories wherein the file deliveryframework may save all the files received for the application; and theapplication's storage quota. In various embodiments, there may bemultiple base directories, one for each memory type. In theseembodiments, the file delivery framework may use the application'sstorage policy to decide which base directory should be used. In anembodiment, the registration may be handled by file delivery filemanagement layer. In an embodiment, the file delivery framework on thedevice may support application registration with storage policy,physical base directories, and storage quota. In an embodiment, the filedelivery framework on the device may enforce a quota on an application'sstorage space that is specified during registration.

FIG. 41 illustrates an embodiment method 4100 by which the file deliveryfile management (FDM) layer may be configured to manage and interactwith an application's storage space. In step 4102, the file deliveryfile management layer may handle an application's registration with thefile delivery framework (FDF) and allow the application to specify itsstorage policy during registration. In step 4104, the file delivery filemanagement layer may check whether there is application storage spacefor to-be-received files. In step 4106, the file delivery filemanagement layer may save the received files to application storagespace according to the application's storage policy. In step 4108, thefile delivery file management layer may delete files stored in theapplication's storage space per the application's request.

FIG. 42 illustrates an embodiment method 4200 that may be implemented inthe file delivery framework (FDF) for checking an application's storagespace for a to-be-received element. In step 4201, the file deliveryframework may obtain the element size information from the FDP/FDCPmessage and determine whether there is enough space in the application'sstorage space for the element. In step 4202, the file delivery frameworkmay notify the application if there is not enough application storagespace to store a to-be-received element. In step 4203, the file deliveryframework may continue receiving the element unless the download iscancelled by the application.

FIG. 43 illustrates dataflow and call flow interactions between theapplication layer (App Layer) and the file delivery framework (FDF) thatmay be implemented in method 4200 described above for determiningwhether an application's storage have sufficient space for ato-be-received element (e.g., a file or a file bundle) that matchesattribute strings in the broadcast schedule record. In operation 4301,the file delivery framework may obtain the element size information fromthe FDP/FDCP message and determine whether there is not enough space inthe application's storage space for receiving and storing the element.In call flow 4302, the file delivery framework notifies the applicationif there is n insufficient application storage space for theto-be-received element. In operation 4303, the file delivery frameworkmay wait for the application to delete some data from its storage spaceand continue receiving the element. In call flow 4304, the applicationmay issue a cancel notification to the file delivery frameworkinstructing it stop receiving the element.

FIG. 44 illustrates an embodiment method 4400 that may be implemented inthe file delivery framework for moving of a received file to thecorresponding application's storage space. In step 4402, the filedelivery core successfully receives the file delivery core payloadcorresponding to a file. In step 4404, the file delivery core may notifythe file delivery file management layer that a file delivery corepayload has been received and has its storage location in the scratchspace to the file delivery file management layer. In step 4406, the filedelivery file management layer may process the trailer in the filedelivery core payload and determine whether the element in the passedfile delivery core payload corresponds to a single file. The filedelivery file management layer may map the file's name to a storage name(e.g., P1). In an embodiment, if the file has multiple names, the filedelivery file management layer may only map the first name to thestorage name. In step 4408, the file delivery file management layer maydetermine whether there is sufficient application storage space for thefile delivery core payload, and may move the payload from the scratchspace memory to an application storage space location identified by thestorage name (e.g., P1). In an embodiment, if one of the file's namesalready exists in the managed element table (MET), an extra memory forthe file delivery core payload may be used to determine if there issufficient application storage space. In an embodiment, this extramemory may be defined as a location that represents the differencebetween the value of two variables, such as the difference between theFDC_payload_size and the old_file_size. In step 4410, the file deliveryfile management layer may notify the file delivery core that movement ofthe files has been completed. In step 4412, the file delivery filemanagement layer may strip the trailer from the stored file deliverycore payload (e.g., the payload stored at P1) and add an entry for thefile in the managed element table (see e.g., FIG. 40). In an embodiment,if the trailer in the file delivery core payload indicates that the filehas multiple file names, the file delivery file management layer may addinformation to the managed element table which maps all of the filenames to the named storage location (e.g., P1). In step 4414, the filedelivery file management layer may notify the application that a filehas been captured.

FIG. 45 illustrates data flows and interactions between the applicationlayer (App layer), the file delivery core (FDC) layer and the filedelivery file management (FDM) layer that may transpire in method 4400win the file delivery framework (FDF) moves a received file to theapplication storage space. In operation 4501, the file delivery corereceives a file delivery core payload. In call flow 4502, the filedelivery core notifies the file delivery file management layer that afile delivery core payload has been received. In operation 4503, thefile delivery file management layer maps the file name to a storage name(e.g., P1). In operation 4504, the file delivery file management layermoves the file delivery core payload from the scratch space to thestorage location (e.g., P1), if there is sufficient storage space. Incall flow 4505, the file delivery file management layer notifies thefile delivery core that the moving of the file delivery core payload iscomplete. In operation 4506, the file delivery file management layerstrips the trailer from the file delivery core payload stored at thestorage location (e.g., P1). In call flow 4507, the file delivery filemanagement layer notifies the application layer that the capture iscomplete.

In an embodiment, if it is determined that the received file is toreplace an old version of the file that already exists on the device,and the replacement fails (e.g., the old version is being locked at thefifth step, 4505, of FIG. 45), the file delivery core may send an errormessage to file delivery file management layer in call flow 4507. Afterreceiving this error message, the file delivery file management layermay periodically retry the request in call flow 4505, until it receivesa “move complete” message from file delivery core, or until it hasrepeated the request in call flow 4505 a predetermined number of times(e.g., FDF_MAX_FILE_REPLACE_RETRY_NUM). In an embodiment, the retryperiod (or number of times) may be defined by a device parameter (e.g.,FDF_FILE_REPLACE_RETRY_PERIOD), such as a number of seconds. If alltries fail, the file delivery framework may give up on moving the datafrom the scratch space to the application storage space.

In an embodiment, finished downloads that have been in the scratch spacefor more than a predefined number of seconds, such as indicated by adevice parameter (e.g., FDF_MAX_ELEMENT_TIME_IN_SCRATCH_SPACE), may bedeleted in a periodic clean-up mechanism. In an embodiment, if the filedelivery framework on the device fails to move a received file to theapplication storage space, it may continue to retry moving the file onceevery few seconds until the moving is successful or until a predefinedmaximum number of retries have been attempted. After that, the periodiccleanup mechanism may delete the unmoved file from the scratch space atan appropriate time.

FIG. 46 software architecture and data structure diagram illustratinghow multiple file names may be mapped to a single storage name.Specifically, FIG. 46 illustrates an embodiment in which multiple filenames (e.g., /mpv/cnn/f1.mp4, /mpv/cnnhl/f1.mp4) are be mapped to thesame storage name (e.g., D:\fdroot\cnn\f1.mp4) in the managed elementtable (MET). When a file is received (call flow 4602), it may berenamed, and the file name and storage location may be saved to themanaged element table (call flow 4603). This figure also illustrates howmultiple file names may be mapped to a single storage name identified inthe managed element table.

FIG. 47 illustrates an embodiment method 4700 that may be implemented inthe file delivery framework for handling situations in which there isinsufficient application storage space to store a received file. Asdiscussed above, if the file delivery file management (FDM) layerdetermines that there is insufficient application storage space for thefile delivery core payload, or that the application storage space isfull, the delivery file management layer may issue a request to theapplication layer requesting that the application free up space in step4702. In response to this message, in step 4704 the application maydelete some files. In step 4706, the application may notify the filedelivery framework that some storage space has been freed up throughfile deletions. In step 4708, the file delivery framework may move thereceived file from the scratch space to the application storage space.In step 4710, the file delivery file management layer may notify theapplication that the file has been captured. If the file deliveryframework never receives notification from the application that storagespace has been freed up, the received file may be kept in the scratchspace until it is deleted by the scratch space periodic clean-upmechanism.

FIG. 48 illustrates dataflow and call flow interactions between theapplication layer (App layer) and the file delivery framework (FDF) inexecution of method 4700. In call flow 4801, the file delivery frameworksends a notification to the application layer to notify the applicationthat there is insufficient application storage space for the filedelivery core payload. In call flow 4802, the application layer sends aninstruction to the file delivery network directly to delete some of thefiles from the application storage space. In call flow 4803, theapplication layer sends the file delivery framework a notificationindicating that storage space has been made available (e.g., by deletinga file). In operation 4804, the file delivery framework moves the filefrom the scratch space to the application storage space. In call flow4805, the file delivery framework notifies the application layer thatthe file capture is complete. I

FIG. 49 illustrates an example method 4900 that may be implemented bythe file delivery framework for deleting files from the applicationstorage space in response to an application request that the filedelivery framework delete a file. In response to a request from anapplication to delete a file identified by a file name, in step 4902,the file delivery framework may search for and find an entry in themanaged element table (MET) corresponding to the file name. Indetermination step 4903, the file delivery framework may determine fromthe managed element table whether the file has more than one filename.If the entry has more than one file name (i.e., determination step4903=“yes”), in step 4904, the file delivery framework may simply removethe file name from the entry and end process. Thus, in an embodiment, ifa file designated for deletion has multiple file names, the filedelivery framework may remove the file name without deleting the file.If the file delivery framework determines that there is only one filename associated with the file identified for deletion (i.e.,determination step 4903=“no”), in step 4906, the file delivery frameworkmay delete the file in the storage location and remove the entry fromthe managed element table. In determination step 4908, the file deliveryframework may determine whether the file deletion was successful. If thedeletion was successful (i.e., determination step 4908=“yes”), theprocedure may end. If the delete was not successful (i.e., determinationstep 4908=“no”), in step 4910, the file delivery framework may return anerror to the application and end the procedure without retrying thedelete request. In an embodiment, the file delivery framework on thedevice may provide an interface through which the application mayrequest deletion of files specified by file names.

As discussed above, the file delivery framework may support bundlingmultiple files together and broadcasting the file bundle as a singleelement. As mentioned previously, this helps to reduce the forward errorcorrecting (FEC) overhead (i.e., the larger the element, the less FECoverhead is needed) and improve the delivery reliability (i.e., thelarger the element, the more time diversity). File bundling isparticularly useful for delivering multiple small files. In the variousembodiments, the file bundling feature may be implemented as a filedelivery file management layer feature that has a minimal impact on thefile delivery core. In the various embodiments, the file bundlingfeature may be implemented in a manner that renders him the featuretransparent to applications.

FIG. 50 illustrates an example method 5000 that may be implemented as afile bundling feature within the file delivery framework. In step 5002,the file delivery core may use a two-way-prefix-matching scheme todetermine if the broadcast schedule record (BSR) for a file bundlematches any application request. In an embodiment, this may be the sametwo-way-prefix-matching scheme used on individual files, such asdescribed above with reference to FIGS. 25-26. In determination step5004, the file delivery core may determine if there is atwo-way-prefix-match. If there is no match (i.e., determination step5004=“no”), the file delivery core may ignore the file bundle. If thereis a match (i.e., determination step 5004=“yes”), in step 5006, the filedelivery core may pass a selection string to the file delivery filemanagement layer. This selection string may specify the files within thefile bundle that the application is interested in receiving. In step5008, the file delivery core may send a message to the file deliveryfile management layer requesting it to determine whether the file bundleshould be received or not. In an embodiment, a selection string may bepassed to the file delivery file management layer as part of thisrequest in step 5008. In an embodiment, steps 5006 and 5008 may becombined into one unit/function call that passes the selections stringas part of a request to determine whether a file bundle should bereceived.

In determination step 5010, the file delivery file management layer maydetermine whether the file bundle can be received by the file deliveryfile management layer, as well as whether the file bundle needs to bereceived. If the file delivery file management layer determines that thefile bundle does not need the received (i.e., determination step5010=“no”), the file bundle may be ignored. If the file bundle needs tobe received by the file delivery file management layer (i.e.,determination step 5010=“yes”), in step 5012, the file delivery filemanagement layer may maintain the element ID and selection string forthe element corresponding to the file bundle. In step 5014, the filedelivery core receives the file delivery core payload corresponding tothe file bundle and may pass it to the file delivery file managementlayer. In step 5016, the file delivery core may pass the file deliverycore payload to the file delivery file management layer. In step 5018,the file delivery file management layer may process the file deliverycore payload trailer and determine whether the file delivery corepayload is a file bundle. In step 5020, the file delivery filemanagement layer may use the selection string it saved for the filebundle to identify the files within the file bundle that should besaved.

FIG. 51 illustrates data flows and interaction call flows between theapplication layer (App layer), the file delivery core (FDC) layer andthe file delivery file management (FDM) layer in implementing theoperations of method 5000. In operation 5101, the file bundle broadcastschedule record (BSR) is received by the file delivery core andtwo-way-prefix-matched to generate a broadcast schedule record matchingentry. In call flow 5102, the file delivery core passes the selectionstring, element id and element type to the file delivery file managementlayer which checks whether the file already exists, and whether the filebundle should be received by the file delivery file management layer. Inoperation 5103, an element, or file delivery core payload, correspondingto a file bundle is received by the file delivery core and passed to thefile delivery file management layer. In operation 5104, the filedelivery file management layer processes the file delivery core payloadto select particular files from the received file bundle and save theselected files in memory.

FIG. 52 illustrates an example method 5200 that may be used to generatethe selection string to be used by the file delivery file managementlayer to select files in a received file bundle for saving. In step5202, the file delivery core may determine if a string in the broadcastschedule record two-way-token-prefix-matches a wanted string (i.e., astring identified by an application for selecting files for reception).If so, in step 5204, the file delivery core may set the longest stringas its selection string, and has the selection string to the filedelivery file management layer. In step 5206, the file delivery filemanagement layer may check whether the file already exists. In step5208, the file delivery file management layer determines whether thefile bundle should be received by the file delivery file managementlayer. If the file delivery file management layer determines that thefile bundle should be received, in step 5210, the file delivery filemanagement layer maintains the selection string for the elementcorresponding to the file bundle.

FIG. 53 illustrates an example of data flows and interaction call flowsbetween the application layer (App Layer), the file delivery core (FDC)layer and the file delivery file management (FDM) layer in method 5200.As discussed above, the selection string may be used by the filedelivery file management layer to select files in a file bundle to besaved. If a string on the broadcast schedule recordtwo-way-token-prefix-matches a wanted string, the file delivery core mayuse the longest string of these two as the selection string and pass itto the file delivery file management layer. In the illustrated exampleof FIG. 53, in operation 5301, the file bundle broadcast schedule record(having a string “/itv/cnn/”) is received by the file delivery core andtwo-way-prefix-matched to the wanted string “/itv/cnn/e1/”. In operation5302, the file delivery core generates the selection string“/itv/cnn/e1/” and passes the selection string, element id and elementtype to the file delivery file management layer are used in determiningwhether the file already exists and if the file bundle should bereceived by the file delivery file management layer. If the filedelivery file management layer determines that the file bundle can andneeds to be received by the file delivery file management layer, in aoperation 5303 the file delivery file management layer maintains theselection string “/itv/cnn/e1/” for the element corresponding to thefile bundle. In an embodiment, the file delivery framework on the deviceuses the wanted string as a selection string for the file bundle if itdetermines that an attribute string in a file bundle broadcast schedulerecord is a prefix of a wanted string.

FIG. 54 illustrates an example method 5400 may be used to determinewhether a file bundle should be received. In step 5402, the filedelivery core may send a request, including file bundle information anda selection string, to the file delivery file management (FDM) layerrequesting that the file delivery file management layer indicate whetherthe file bundle should be received. In determination step 5404, the filedelivery file management layer may determine if there is an entry for anelement corresponding to the file bundle in the managed element table.If such an entry does not exist (i.e., determination step 5404=“no”), instep 5406, the file delivery file management layer may indicate to thefile delivery core that the file bundle should be received. If the entrydoes exist in the managed element table (i.e., determination step5404=“yes”), in determination step 5408, the file delivery filemanagement layer may determine if there is at least one selection stringin the file delivery core request that is not a prefix of any existingselection string associated with the entry in the managed element table.If so (i.e., determination step 5408=“yes”), the file delivery filemanagement layer may indicate to the file delivery core that the filebundle should be received in step 5406. Otherwise (i.e., determinationstep 5408=“no”), the file delivery file management layer may indicate tothe file delivery core that the file should not be received in step5410.

FIG. 55 illustrates example data flows and interaction call flowsbetween the application layer (App Layer), the file delivery core (FDC)layer and the file delivery file management (FDM) layer the may occur inmethod 5400. In operation 5501, a file bundle broadcast schedule record(BSR) having a string “/itv/cnn/” may be received by the file deliverycore and two-way-prefix-matched to the wanted string “/itv/cnn/e1/”. Incall flow 5502, the file delivery core may generate the selection string“/itv/cnn/e1/” and pass the selection string, element id and elementtype to the file delivery file management layer which may use thisstring to determine whether the file already exists and if the filebundle should be received by the file delivery file management layer.That is, in call flow 5502, the file delivery core sends the filedelivery file management layer a request for a decision on whether thefile bundle should be received. In operation 5503, the file deliveryfile management layer determines whether to receive the file. The filedelivery file management layer may make this decision to receive thefile if there is no entry for the element corresponding to the filebundle in the managed element table (MET).

If the file delivery file management layer determines that an entry forthe file bundle does exist in the managed element table, the filedelivery file management layer may still choose to receive the file ifat least one of the selection strings is not a prefix of any existingselection string in the entry. This is illustrated in FIG. 55, where thefile delivery file management layer of the device already has filesunder /itv/cnn/e1. This is indicated by the selection string value“/itv/cnn/e1/” in the Selection Strings column of the second row(EID=1988) of the managed element table. Since the application hasissued a new request to receive all files under /itv/cnn/, and thestring “/itv/cnn” is broader than the string “/itv/cnn/e1”, the deviceneeds to download the entire file bundle again. Accordingly, in callflow 5504, the file delivery file management layer may request that filedelivery core receive the file bundle so that the device may downloadthe file bundle again. Thus, in an embodiment, the file deliveryframework on the device may schedule receiving the file bundle elementdescribed by a broadcast schedule record if: the broadcast schedulerecord has at least one attribute string thattwo-way-token-prefix-matches a wanted string, the file bundle exists onthe device, and one of the selection strings will be broadcast (asdetermined from the broadcast schedule record); and the wanted stringsis not a token-prefix of any existing selection strings associated withthe existing file bundle.

FIG. 56 illustrates how files in file bundles may be selected and savedbased upon file name prefixes. As discussed above, the file deliveryfile management layer may save a file in the file bundle if one of thefile/dir names requested by the applications is a prefix of the file'sname. This is illustrated in FIG. 56, which shows that only those fileshaving the file name prefixes “/itv/att” are saved, resulting in two outof the four files in the bundle being save. If the application were toreceive “/itv/vzw/s1/f3” the file delivery framework may have to receivethe file bundle again.

FIG. 57 is a data structure diagram illustrating an example file bundleentry in a managed element table (MET). As illustrated in FIG. 57, in anembodiment, the entry for an element corresponding to a file bundle inthe managed element table may have the following information: ID of theelement corresponding to the file bundle (EID); a flag indicating theelement is a file bundle (FB); selection strings that specify whichfiles in the file bundle have been saved (Selection Strings); and asub-entry that has the file name(s), element ID and storage name foreach element in the file bundle.

FIG. 58 illustrates an example method 5800 for receiving and saving afile bundle in an application storage space. As discussed above, aftersuccessfully receiving an element corresponding to a file bundle, thefile delivery framework may save the files in the bundle in theapplication storage space. In step 5802, the file delivery coresuccessfully receives the file delivery core payload corresponding to afile bundle. In step 5804, the file delivery core may notify the filedelivery file management layer that a file delivery core payload hasbeen received and has its location in the scratch space to the filedelivery file management layer. In step 5806, the file delivery filemanagement layer may determine that there is enough space for the filedelivery core payload and move it from the scratch space to theapplication's storage space. In step 5808, the file delivery filemanagement layer may notify the file delivery core that the filedelivery core payload has been removed from the scratch space. In step5810, the file delivery file management layer may strip the trailer fromthe file delivery core payload stored in a memory (e.g., P1). In step5812, the file delivery file management layer may save files in the filebundle at an appropriate location in accordance with the application'smemory management policy. In step 5814, the file delivery filemanagement layer may add an entry for the file bundle to the managedelement table. In step 5816, the file delivery file management layer maynotify the application that a file has been captured.

FIG. 59 is an example of data flows and interaction call flows betweenthe application layer (App layer), the file delivery core (FDC) layerand the file delivery file management (FDM) layer in method 5800. Inoperation 5901, the file delivery core successfully receives the filedelivery core payload corresponding to file bundle. In call flow 5902,the file delivery core notifies the file delivery file management layerthat a file delivery core payload has been received. The file deliverycore then passes the file delivery payload's location in the scratchspace to the file delivery file management layer. In operation 5903, thefile delivery file management layer determines whether there issufficient space for the file delivery core payload and moves the filefrom the scratch space to the application's storage space. In call flow5904, the file delivery file management layer notifies the file deliverycore that the file delivery core payload has been removed from thescratch space. In operation 5905, the file delivery file managementlayer strips the trailer from the file delivery core payload stored inmemory (e.g., P1), saves files in the file bundle, and adds an entry forthe file bundle to the managed element table. In call flow 5906, thefile delivery file management layer notifies the application that a filehas been captured. In an embodiment, the file delivery framework on thedevice may delete a received file bundle after successfully saving thefiles contained within the file bundle.

FIG. 60 illustrates an example method 6000 for deleting files receivedfrom a file bundle. In step 6002, an application may issue a request tothe file delivery framework to delete a file received in a file bundle.In step 6004, the file delivery file management layer may find the filebundle entry in the managed element table that has a sub-entry for thefile. In determination step 6006, the file delivery file managementlayer may determine if the sub-entry has more than one file namesassociated with it. If the file delivery file management layerdetermines that the sub-entry has more than one filename (i.e.,determination step 6006=“yes”), the file delivery file management layermay remove the file name from the sub-entry in step 6008. If thesub-entry does not have more than one file name (i.e., determinationstep 6006=“no”), in step 6010, the file delivery file management layermay delete the file in the storage location and remove the sub-entryfrom the managed element table. If there is no file sub-entry in thefile bundle entry (i.e., all the files received in the file bundle havebeen deleted), in step 6012, the file delivery file management layer maydelete the file bundle entry from memory. In an embodiment, a filebundle element may be considered to exist if a subset of its files hasbeen deleted. In an embodiment, the file delivery framework may benotified whenever the file deletion process is initiated by theapplication so that the deleted files are not downloaded again. In anembodiment, the file delivery framework on the device may consider afile bundle element as existing when at least one file in the filebundle exists on the device.

FIG. 61 is a data structure diagram illustrating logical and exemplarydata flows involved in deleting files received from a file bundle. FIG.61 illustrates how when a sub-entry has only one file name associatedwith it (e.g., EID 2009), the file delivery file management layer maydelete the file in the storage location and remove the entire sub-entry(indicated by the line through EID 2009). FIG. 61 also illustrates how,if the sub-entry has more than one file names associated with it (e.g.,EID 1988), the file delivery file management layer may only remove thefile name from the sub-entry (indicated by the line through the filename /itv/att/s1/f1 2001 and storage path D:/fdroot/att/s1/f1).

FIG. 62 illustrates example data flows that and interaction call flowsbetween the application layer (App layer), the file delivery core (FDC)layer and the file delivery file management (FDM) layer in receiving afile bundle that was previously received. In operation 6201, the filebundle broadcast schedule record (BSR) is received by the file deliverycore and two-way-prefix-matched. In call flow 6202, the file deliverycore passes the selection strings, element id and element type to thefile delivery file management layer so that it may determine whether thefile already exists and determine if the file bundle should be received.In operation 6203, the file delivery file management layer maintains theselection strings (“/itv/vwz/s1/f3” and “/itv/vwz/s1/f4”) for theelement corresponding to the file bundle. In call flow 6204, an element,or file delivery core payload, corresponding to a file bundle isreceived by the file delivery core and passed to the file delivery filemanagement layer. As illustrated in FIG. 62, the file bundle may havefour files: /itv/vzw/s1/f3, /itv/vzw/s2/f4, /itv/att/s1/f1, and/itv/att/s2/f2. In the illustrated example, the file delivery filemanagement layer determines that the file delivery framework hasreceived the file bundle before but has only saved two of the files:/itv/vzw/s1/f3 and /itv/vzw/s2/f4. This may be the case when, forexample, an application running on the application layer had previouslyrequested two of the files (e.g., /itv/att/s1/f1, and /itv/att/s2/f2) inthe file bundle, and then issued another request for two new files(e.g., /itv/att/s1/f3 and /itv/att/s2/f4) which happen to be in the samefile bundle as the first two files. In call flow 6203, the file deliveryfile management layer receives the file bundle from the file deliverycore again and saves only the two, newly requested, files (e.g.,/itv/vzw/s1/f3 and /itv/vzw/s2/f4) in the file bundle to a memory.

FIG. 63 illustrates an example file delivery core payload format thatmay be used to exchange data between the file delivery core and the filedelivery file management layer. In an embodiment, the file delivery coreand file delivery file management layer may be configured to supportmultiple file delivery core payload formats simultaneously. In anembodiment, the file delivery core payload format may be specified by aparameter, flag, or bit (e.g., FD_MODE) in the broadcast schedulerecord. In an embodiment, setting an FD_MODE bit to 0 selects a firstformat, whereas setting the FD_MODE bit to 1 selects a second format.

FIG. 64 illustrates an example file delivery core payload formatcorresponding to the backward compatible format (BCF) illustrated inFIG. 63. The file delivery core payload format illustrated in FIG. 64may contain either a single file or a file bundle that includes multiplefiles. The BCF file delivery core payload format may include a clip metadata at the end. The file delivery core payload format may includeoptional element ID and file name(s) added to anon_realtime_presentation XML element for the file or the files in thefile bundle in the clip_def_rec XML element in the clip meta data. Invarious embodiments, receiver devices may receive, and have access to,the Element IDs and file names. In an embodiment, receiver devices mayignore any new fields that they don't recognize.

FIGS. 65 and 66 illustrate an example file delivery core payload formatcorresponding to the format illustrated in FIG. 63. Specifically, FIG.65 illustrates an example file delivery core payload format for anelement that is a single file which has two names. FIG. 66 illustratesan example file delivery core payload format for an element that is afile bundle that includes a file (e.g., file 1) which has two names. Thefile delivery core payload formats illustrated in FIGS. 65 and 66 maycontain an element portion that is either a single file or a file bundlecomprising a concatenation of files. The illustrated file delivery corepayload formats have a trailer section that contains the followinginformation fields: Trailer Data Length; Trailer Data; and Element ID.The Trailer Data field may further include a Compression Type field thatspecifies which compression scheme is to be applied over the elementportion of the file delivery core payload. In an embodiment, the ElementType field may indicate whether the element is a file or a file bundle.If the element is a file, as illustrated in FIG. 65, the trailer mayalso include additional information fields for element types andfilenames. If the element is a file bundle, as illustrated in FIG. 66,the trailer may include information fields for element IDs, offsets, andfilenames for each file in the bundle.

As discussed above with reference to FIG. 4, applications (e.g., headendapps 42, 43) provide files for transmission to the file ingestion server31. The file ingestion server 31 delivers the files, along withbroadcast schedule messages, to the receiver devices via the filetransport network 41. FIG. 67 illustrates an example method 6700 foringesting the files, scheduling the files for transmission, generatingbroadcast schedule messages and broadcasting the generated broadcastschedule messages. In method 6700 at step 6702, a server in the headendsystem, such as the file ingestion server 31, may receive files fortransmission from one or more headend applications 42, 43. In step 6704,the server may generate a file and/or element and obtain/generate fileor element identifiers for the files to be broadcast as part of theingestion process. In step 6706, as part of the ingestion process theserver may obtain the file size, as well as other information regardingthe files, such as file attribute strings, or application/serviceidentifiers as described above. In step 6708, as part of the ingestionprocess the server may determine the data rate of the content flow thatwill carry the data files. The data rate may vary depending uponbroadcast resource availability. The data rate may also remain fixed,such as if specified for a particular file delivery type.

As part of the ingestion process, in step 6710, the server may determineeach file's broadcast duration, such as by dividing the file size by thefile delivery data rate. In step 6711 the server may, based upon thetransmission duration, determine which files are to be broadcast withinthe next broadcast schedule period (BSP). It should be noted thatscheduling process and the BSM generation process are disjointprocesses, and are described together here for brevity. For example, thefile scheduling process may not be bound to the next 15 min period(e.g., a file may be scheduled for transmission 3 hours from ingestion),whereas the BSM generation process may periodically (e.g., every 15minutes) determine the contents of the BSM as the current transmissionschedule defined for the next period (e.g., 15 minutes). The processesof file scheduling at ingestion and BSM generation are discussed ingreater detail further below.

In step 6712, the server may schedule the files for transmission withinthe broadcast schedule period. As part of scheduling files fortransmission within the broadcast schedule period, in step 6714, theserver may identify the broadcast window start times for each filewithin the broadcast schedule period. In step 6716, the server maygenerate a broadcast schedule message and the broadcast schedulemonitoring record (BSMR) specifying the record type, the record datalink and the time of the next update to the broadcast schedule message(e.g., next monitoring time).

As part of generating the broadcast schedule message, the server maygenerate one or more flow broadcast schedule records (FBSR) in step6718. As part of generating the broadcast schedule message, the servermay then assemble the broadcast schedule message from the received andgenerated information, including identifying the broadcast window foreach of the files that will be broadcast within the BSP in step 6720. Instep 6722, the server may submit the assembled broadcast schedulemessage to the broadcast network to begin repeated transmission over thebroadcast schedule flow, and in step 6724, the server may submit thefiles for broadcast to the broadcast network so that they may betransmitted over the file delivery data flow in accordance with thebroadcast schedule specified in the broadcast schedule message. Thisprocess may repeat by the server returning to step 6702 to begindeveloping the broadcast schedule message for the next BSP.

As discussed above, once a file delivery application within a filecontent provider 9 submits files for transport over the broadcastnetwork 1, the file ingestion system 31 may schedule those files forbroadcast using the broadcast resources dedicated to file transport.These dedicated broadcast resources may be conceptually viewed as filedelivery pipes. As discussed above, in various embodiments, more thanone file delivery pipes may be used to broadcast the files over thebroadcast network. The scheduling of ingested files and the timemultiplexing of files in one or more file delivery pipes is illustratedin FIG. 7.

As discussed above, the file ingestion system 31 may receive files froma variety of different sources (i.e., headend applications) in a varietyof different formats. The file ingestion system 31 schedules the variousreceived files, generating the broadcast schedule message andcoordinating with a file transport network 41, to ensure the files arebroadcast within the broadcast window advertised within the broadcastschedule message.

FIG. 68 illustrates an example embodiment in which two headendapplications submit files to the file ingestion system 31 for transportover the file transport network 41. In this illustrated example, the twoheadend applications are a weather application 43 and an interactivityapplication 49. In this example, the weather application 43 is using thefile transport network 41 to deliver application files to a weatherapplication 46 operating on the receiver device. Likewise, theinteractivity application 49 is using the file transport network 41 todeliver interactivity resources and files to the interactivityapplication 47 on the receiver device. In the various embodiments,headend applications 43, 49 can interact with the file ingestion system31 simply by providing the file along with the appropriate file command,such as sendFile(/weaApp/LA/f1.jpg) and other parameters in the dataschema shown in FIG. 68. To send a series of files, the headendapplications 43, 49 may specify the files in a single command, such assendFile(/itv/sig/cat.xml; itv/res/svc_(—)5/f1.jpg;/itv/res/svc_(—)5/f2.jpg; /itv/res/svc_(—)5/f3.jpg).

As FIG. 68 illustrates, some applications may only submit content files(e.g., a weather app might submit jpeg images) while others may submitcontent and overhead files (e.g., an interactivity app may submit jpegimages and a cat.xml overhead file). Yet other applications may submitcontent files along with additional attribute information (e.g., aninteractivity app may alternatively submit jpeg images and associatedattributes describing characteristics for the files).

An application submitting overhead files to a file ingestion system mayhave different purposes for such overhead files. Such an overhead filemay be used to provide the receiver devices with information regardingthe files available for a device application. In an embodiment, such anoverhead file may be in the form of a catalog file or a cat.xml file. Acat.xml file may be used to provide a list of attributes that may enablereceiver devices to select files for reception. The same attribute listinformation may also be made available via the ingestion interface suchas by providing the data schema illustrated in FIG. 69. Additionally oralternatively, the attribute list could be carried in the broadcastschedule message.

An example data schema that may be used to submit files to the fileingestion system 31 is illustrated in FIGS. 69 and 70. The fileingestion system may also provide an interface for receiving informationregarding the file to be transmitted, such as delivery criteria. Forexample, as illustrated in the data schema shown in FIG. 70, the fileingestion interface file delivery request may specify a desired starttime, and expiration time, or a broadcast schedule for the files to betransmitted. If a broadcast schedule is specified, the file deliveryrequest may identify a period during which the file should betransmitted and the number of times that the file transmissions shouldbe attempted. The broadcast schedule may also include an end time afterwhich the file should not be transmitted.

The file delivery request operation may provide file deliveryapplications with the following features: a mechanism to identify a filesubmitted for transmission; a mechanism to submit multiple files at thesame time; a mechanism to group files that may be related together atthe application level; a definition of different delivery criteriarequirements for each group of related files; and a mechanism whichenables files that are submitted a second time to be recognized as aresubmission so that delivery criteria of previously submitted items canbe updated.

The mechanism to identify a file submitted for transmission may besubmitted via a file ingestion operation. In this operation, a contentuniform resource locator (URL) may be identified which provides thelocation from which the file can be retrieved for broadcast by the fileingestion service. The mechanism may also identify additional parametersfurther associated with the content and context of the file beingingested for broadcast. For example, the additional parameters mayinclude a filename that can be used to indicate the directory for thefile in an application directory structure. The additional parametersmay include an attribute list which provides parameters thatcharacterize the file to enable receiver devices to filter and select aparticular file for reception.

The mechanism that enables submission of multiple files at the same timemay allow applications to identify those files which are related. Forexample, all interactivity files under a particular directory on asingle file information unit in the file delivery request may beconsidered to be related. Headend applications may be able to ensurethat files with cross dependencies are possibly bundled and scheduledfor broadcast together. For example, the interactivity files listed inFIG. 68 may update the interactivity catalog file when new files aremade available to the receiver device. With this interface, the/itv/sig/cat.xml file may be requested to be transmitted and madeavailable on the receiver device before the new files under directory/itv/res/svc_(—)5/ are transmitted, possibly as a bundle.

The mechanism to enable related files to be grouped together at theapplication layer may ensure that related files are subjected to thesame delivery criteria and are equally needed by the receiver device.The file ingestion system may bundle files that are similar for moreefficient use of forward error correction coding when transmitting thefile over-the-air. The file injection service may use this relatednessinformation to bundle together files that are related. Other criteria todecide on bundling of files may also be considered. For example, thefile ingestion system may group together different files that areassociated with subscribed to services. Thus, the receiver deviceentitled to receive one file for one service may also be entitled toreceive files for other services that are subscribed together.

The mechanism that enables headend applications to define differentdelivery criteria for transmission requirements for each group ofrelated files may allow the application to request a level of quality ofservice (QoS) or transmission requirements for the broadcast of theingested files. The quality of service may represent the quality of thetransport service to the intended user population with respect totimeliness (e.g., freshness) and a successful delivery (e.g., redundanttransmissions to ensure delivery failures are overcome). The fileingestion system 31 may schedule each group of related files such thattheir requested delivery criteria are met. If scheduling new files, thefile ingestion system may ensure that the delivery criteria ofpreviously ingested files are not compromised, when priority schedulingis considered. Previously scheduled files may be discarded to make roomfor new files in a priority-based scheduling. The file ingestion systemmay be configured so that when the same file is submitted a second orthird time, it is recognized as a resubmission or update of a previouslytransmitted file, so that the delivery criteria for the previouslysubmitted files may be reused.

As the file ingestion system 31 receives files for ingestion, such asduring a first broadcast schedule period, the earliest that new filescan be scheduled for transmission is in the next broadcast scheduleperiod, as illustrated in FIG. 71. For example, as files f₈, f₉ and f₁₀are received from a file content provider 9 during a first broadcastschedule period (BSP₁), the file ingestion system 31 schedules the filetransmissions for the next or later broadcast schedule period (BSP₂). Asfiles are scheduled for transmission, they may be stored in a data store32. The resulting updated broadcast schedule may also be stored inmemory, such as in a database.

Files received during a current broadcast schedule period are onlyallowed to be scheduled for transmission in the next or subsequentbroadcast schedule periods as illustrated in FIG. 71. This is becausethe schedule information in the current broadcast schedule period hasalready been advertised to the receiver devices via a current broadcastschedule message. Once a broadcast schedule message is broadcast,receiver devices may not be able to detect subsequent schedule changesin the broadcast schedule period that is covered by the broadcastschedule message, since the receiver devices may have deactivated thereceiver circuits in order to conserve power if no files of interest arelisted in the broadcast schedule message for transmission during thebroadcast schedule. Therefore, selection of a broadcast schedule periodduration may be a compromise between the possible freshness of contentand how often devices will need to receive an updated broadcast schedulemessage. A smaller broadcast schedule period allows newly received filesto be transmitted sooner; however, the need for receiver devices tofrequently receive updated broadcast schedule message may impact theirbattery life.

The scheduler within the file ingestion system 31 therefore considersthe current broadcast schedule period to be unavailable to carry newlyreceived files. However, any time period beyond the current broadcastschedule period may be modified as that schedule has not yet beenadvertised to receiver devices. FIGS. 72A-72D illustrate how broadcastschedules may be modified depending upon when files are received andtheir urgency.

For example, FIG. 72A illustrates a scheduling state before new filesf₈-f₁₀ are submitted to the file ingestion service 31 for transport.FIG. 72B illustrates the scheduling state for the situation in whichfile f₈ specifies urgent delivery requirements. In this situation, thefile ingestion system 31 may cause other files with lower priority orless restrictive time delivery requirements (e.g., f₅₁) to be delayed(i.e. their scheduled broadcast windows are postponed). Other files(e.g., f₅) which cannot tolerate further delays are not rescheduled, andthey continue to be scheduled for broadcast in their original broadcastwindows. FIG. 72C illustrates a situation in which files in the nextbroadcast schedule period could not tolerate further delay by the timefile f₉ is ingested, so file f₉ is scheduled for transmission in thesubsequent broadcast schedule period. FIG. 72D illustrates the situationin which file f₁₀ is ingested at a time when files in the next broadcastschedule period cannot tolerate further delay, and file f₁₀ has moreurgency than file f₉, and as a result, file f₉ is pushed into a laterbroadcast schedule period.

The file ingestion system may also be responsible for coordinating thedelivery of files to the broadcast network or broadcast transmission.This process may involve the broadcast of broadcast schedule message(BSM) information, as illustrated in FIG. 73. This process may involvethe dispatching of files to the broadcast network, as illustrated inFIG. 74.

Processes involved in updating the broadcast schedule message beingtransmitted over the air are illustrated in FIG. 73 and end in theprocess flow diagram of the example method 7500 illustrated in FIG. 75.At some time before the end of the current broadcast schedule period,the file ingestion system 31 may fetch the current schedule informationfrom its storage 32, step 7502, and may create a new broadcast schedulemessage to describe the next broadcast schedule period in step 7503(operation A). In step 7504, the file ingestion system may update thebroadcast schedule message version with the OSS, which is a complementthat manages and advertises overhead version changes. In step 7506, thefile ingestion system may send the updated broadcast schedule message tothe distribution server (DIST), which is a component that transmitsfiles and overhead messages at a configured rate for broadcast. In step7508, the OSS may add the updated broadcast schedule message version tothe message carried in the initial acquisition flow (IAF), and may sendthe updated IAF message to the distribution server in step 7510(communication B). The distribution server may send the updatedbroadcast schedule message over the broadcast schedule flow at theconfigured broadcast schedule flow data rate to the flow service node(FSN), which is a component within the broadcast network that isinvolved with the actual over the transmission.

Processes involved in updating the transmitted broadcast schedulemessages are illustrated in FIGS. 74 and 75. The file ingestion system31 also makes use of the schedule information on the current broadcastschedule message, whose version is advertised via the OSS, and whosecontent is sent via the distribution server as described above. In step7516, the file ingestion system may signal the distribution server(operation 1) to start transmitting files such that the files arebroadcast over the air according to the broadcast schedule messagesadvertised to receiver devices. In doing so, the file ingestion servicemay describe the flow ID and data rate to be used when transmittingfiles consistent with the information described in the current broadcastschedule message. In step 7518, the distribution server may fetch thefile contents to be broadcast next (operation 2), and then transmit thefile to the FSN at the data rate defined for the flow ID used for thetransmission of the files in step 7520 (operation 3).

As discussed above, transmission resources in a broadcast network, suchas a MediaFLO® technology broadcast network, may be defined in terms ofOFDM symbols within super frames, which in MediaFLO® are one secondduration. The symbols on such super frames may be further divided intolocal and wide-area multiplex symbols. Different broadcast networks mayhave other time, frequency or code multiplexing mechanisms (i.e.,different from OFDM) for the transport of media over the sharedbroadcast resources. The term “multiplex” is used herein to refergenerally to broadcast resources available for media transport (e.g.,over a given radio frequency bandwidth) via the broadcast network. Theamount of broadcast resources available for transporting files may be afunction of the radio frequency bandwidth, the transport encodingmechanism, and the amount of other media or data, such as real-timecontent and overhead data, also carried by the broadcast signal.

In a multimedia broadcast network, such as a MediaFLO® network, avariety of content may be broadcast simultaneously, including contentdesignated for a local area, which is referred to as a local areacontent or a local multiplex (LM), and content provided to multiplelocal area broadcasters, which is referred to as wide area content for awide multiplex (WM). The local and wide multiplex may be different parts(e.g., of an OFDM frame) of a multiplex that uses a given radiofrequency bandwidth. The local area content may be content that isspecific to a local operations infrastructure (LOI), such as a regionalbroadcast.

FIG. 76 illustrates that, in any given local operations infrastructure,multiple radio frequency signals may exist. In the illustrated example,local operating infrastructure 1 (LOI1) includes a single radiofrequency signal (RF1), which includes a first wide multiplex (WM1) anda first local multiplex (LM1) component. Local operating infrastructure2 (LOI2) includes two radio frequency signals (RF2 and RF3), each madeup of a wide multiplex (WM2, WM1) and a local multiplex (LM2, LM1). Inthe illustrated example, local operating infrastructure 3 (LOI3)includes a single radio frequency signal (RF4) made up of a widemultiplex (WM2) and a local multiplex (LM3).

As illustrated in FIG. 76, the wide and local multiplex componentscarried in any radio frequency signal may be the same as or differentfrom those in other radio frequency signals. Additionally, the differentradio frequency signals may also use different transport technologies,such as MediaFLO® technology, ISDB-T, ATSC-M/H, etc. FIG. 76 illustratesthat a given multiplex (e.g., WM1 or LM2) may be carried in differentradio frequency signals in different local operating infrastructures.Also, a given local operating infrastructure may have multiple radiofrequency signals available.

FIG. 77 illustrates that multiple file delivery types may be defined permultiplex. As discussed above, the various embodiments may beimplemented with the file transmissions sharing a single common resourcepool, such as an amount of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) per second, permultiplex. As discussed above, such resource pools may be abstracted anddefined as one or more file delivery pipes (FDPs) within the filedelivery framework. FIG. 77 illustrates that many of these file deliverypipes may be defined in a single multiplex. Specifically, FIG. 77illustrates that a wide multiplex (WM1) may include two file deliverypipes (FD Pipe 1, FD Pipe 2), allowing the rest of the multiplexbandwidth to be dedicated to transmitting real-time and IP data services(RT+IPDS). Similarly, a second wide multiplex (WM2) may include threefile delivery pipes (FD Pipes 3-5), with the rest of the multiplexbandwidth dedicated to transmitting real-time and IP data services.

In various embodiments, the file delivery pipes may be organized withina broadcast network, as a logical entity defined by a multiplex (e.g.,the geographic reach of the file delivery pipe), a transmission datarate, and a set of pipe flow IDs. The transmission data rate defined fora pipe may depend upon the portion of the multiplex bandwidth allocatedto the pipe. In various embodiments, the amount of resources allocatedto a file delivery pipe may be configurable, with the configurationdepending upon the data rate supported by the deployed receiver devices.

FIG. 77 also illustrates that, in various embodiments, the file deliverypipes may be defined and organized by their data rates. The variation inthe data rates of the file delivery pipes is illustrated by the diameterof each pipe (e.g., the file delivery pipes in WM1 have higher datarates, thus are fatter, than the file delivery pipes in WM2). Definingand organizing file delivery pipes into groups of higher and/or lowerdata rates helps address the limitations that arise from a diverse setof deployed receiver devices. For example, early generation receiverdevices typically support a limited maximum data rate, whereas latergeneration receiver devices may be able to support higher data rates.Defining and organizing the file delivery pipes by their data ratesallows the file delivery service to support both early and lategeneration receiver devices.

FIGS. 78A and 78B illustrate that the file delivery pipes may also besized and organized to address time diversity considerations. Forexample, file delivery pipes in a multiplex may be organized to providea high-bandwidth/high-capacity file delivery pipe for carrying largefiles, and a lower bandwidth/lower capacity file delivery pipe forcarrying smaller files. Such an organization may be useful when thebroadcast system is requested to transport small urgent filesperiodically. In various embodiments, the file delivery pipes may bedefined as being either a “fat” file delivery pipe, illustrated in FIG.78A, or a “thin” file delivery pipe, illustrated in FIG. 78B. Bydefining a “thin” file delivery pipe within the multiplex, the broadcastnetwork can accommodate such urgent files when they are received withoutdelay or disrupting the large file transmissions being carried over the“fat” file delivery pipe.

File delivery pipes may also be organized so as to separate thedifferent types of file traffic, such as to support low latency smallfiles on one pipe while carrying high-latency large files on a separatepipe, as illustrated in FIGS. 79A-79G. In various embodiments, the filedelivery pipes may be configured to support “latency sensitive”datacasting for transporting the information. In various embodiments,the system may be configured such that it provides for uniform handlingof all datacast transports. In various embodiments, the low latencytraffic may be aggregated onto one or more delivery pipes. In variousembodiments, multiple BSMs may used so as to support various preset anddynamic latency targets. In various embodiments, applications may applyForward Error Correction (FEC) protection prior to the transport oflatency sensitive data.

FIG. 79A illustrates that the file delivery pipes may be defined tosupport different specific latency requirements, such as definingseparate file delivery pipes for files with 15 minute, one minute and 30second latency limitations. Provisioning of files to particular filedelivery pipes may also be based upon priority. For example, FIGS. 78A-Band 79A illustrate that some file delivery pipes may be dedicated to lowlatency (i.e., urgent) application files, while other file deliverypipes may be dedicated to carrying medium-to high-latency (i.e.,non-urgent) application files.

FIG. 79B illustrates that real time (RT) content may be allocatedbandwidth from a multiplex per stream, or in aggregate. Latency tolerantcontent may be allocated aggregate bandwidth over a set of FD pipes (FDpipes 1-2) that are shared across different latency tolerant datacastingstreams. Latency sensitive content may be transmitted on IPDS flows(IPDS flows 1-4) dedicated to individual latency sensitive datacastingstreams. Since the pipe bandwidth may be constrained by devicelimitations, the latency sensitive content may be allocated bandwidthbased on peak and average data rate, and burst size requirements. Thisis illustrated in FIG. 79C, which shows that aggregate bandwidth may bebased on peak (Bw_(Peak)) 1 and average (Bw_(Avg)) data rates, and burstsize requirements. However, in certain situations, it may be difficultto estimate an optimal aggregate bandwidth based on peak (Bw_(Peak)) andaverage (Bw_(Avg)) data rates. For example, if the estimate is tooconservative, the excess bandwidth that is lost is hard to recover. Ifthe bandwidth allocation strategy is too aggressive, synchronized burstson different streams may causes packet losses or impact the real timetransmission. Thus, in various embodiments, the aggregate latencysensitive flows may be “packetized” and streamed in pipes using adatacasting delivery framework (DDF), which may advertise the databroadcast via a BSM. For example, FIG. 79D illustrates a unified systemfor transport for latency tolerant and sensitive content wherein latencysensitive data, latency tolerant data, and real time data, are separatedand transmitted on individual streams. FIG. 79D illustrates that latencysensitive data may be transmitted on one set of pipes (Latency SensitiveData Pipes 1-2), whereas the latency tolerant data may be transmitted onanother set of pipes (Latency Tolerant Data Pipes 1-2).

As discussed above, in various embodiments, the data broadcast may beadvertised via a BSM. In various embodiments, the BSM may advertise theschedule information only over smaller broadcast schedule periods (bsp:30 seconds to 5 minutes) (BSP typically 15 minutes). In variousembodiments, multiple schedule periods may be used to support addressingthe different latency requirements. This improves battery efficiency forlow latency data and provides for a much larger period of data change(e.g., the system does not have to be monitored every second). Further,for CBR stream data having low latency (30+ seconds), the packetizationof the data allows the system to avoid monitoring the data stream everysecond.

FIG. 79E illustrates another unified system for transport for latencytolerant and sensitive content. FIG. 79E illustrates that various levelsof schedule broadcast granularity may be added and layered for theunified transport of latency tolerant and sensitive content. Forexample, in a first level, the broadcast schedule period may designate along term schedule period. These long term schedule periods may be inmultiples of 5 minutes. In an embodiment, the long term schedule periodsmay be 15 minutes long. In various embodiments, the long term scheduleperiods may be designated for applications that can tolerate latenciesin excess of 15 minutes. In a second level, an intermediary scheduleperiod may be used. This intermediary schedule period may be the same asan IAF monitor period. In various embodiments, the intermediary scheduleperiod may any duration that is shorter than the long term scheduleperiod. For example, in an embodiment, the intermediary schedule periodmay be 5 minutes long, and used to accommodate applications with 5minute-BSP latency constraints. FIG. 79E also illustrates that, inaddition to the first and second levels, in various embodiments,multiple short-term schedule periods may be used in addition to the longterm and intermediate scheduling periods. These short-term scheduleperiods may be much smaller than the IAF monitoring period (30 seconds-5minutes) and may be defined to support low latency (30 seconds-5 minute)data.

FIG. 79F illustrates yet another unified system for transport forlatency tolerant and sensitive content. FIG. 79F illustrates that, insupporting multiple short-term schedule periods, the BSF may carrymultiple logical BSMs. Each BSM may describe a schedule covering aspecific target latency, and each BSM may carry the next monitor timeidentifying when BSM is to be updated next. In an embodiment, the numberand period for the BSMs may be configurable and driven by anapplication. In various embodiments, the BSM may be sent more frequentlyon period changes, and less frequently thereafter. In variousembodiments, the device application may request monitoring at a desiredlatency. For example, FIG. 79G illustrates that the device/serverdatacasting applications may know of the latency requirements, and thatthe datacasting delivery framework may map a transport/capture requestto a BSM period that meets latency requirements. In various embodiments,the device datacasting delivery framework (DDF) may monitor the BSM atthe lowest update period that meets the application's latency requests.

FIG. 80 illustrates that file delivery pipes may also be organized sothat transmission resources (i.e., pipes) are dedicated to a particularcontent provider and/or wireless network operator, to enable theseorganizations to leverage the transport services of the broadcastnetwork. For example, FIG. 80 illustrates that content for files (e.g.,eID_(—)1 through eID_(—)4) from a given content provider/wirelessoperator are always carried in one pipe, with no contention for usingthe other pipe.

File delivery pipes may be defined by a set of pipe flow IDs whichidentify the actual transmission flow used to transport files over thelogical file delivery pipe. FIG. 81A through FIG. 81C illustrate threealternative organizations for file delivery pipes. For example, asillustrated in FIG. 81A, a file delivery pipe flow ID may be dedicatedto a particular application or service (e.g., each application may havea separate pipe flow ID). Access to such services may be constrained tosubscription to such applications or services, and access to the filedelivery pipe flow may be protected via conditional access solutions. Inthe various embodiments, application or service discovery of thededicated resources of conditional access solutions may be made via aseparate mechanism, such as a system information transmission. Forexample, in an embodiment, the broadcast schedule message may describethe flow ID for each transmission.

As another example, FIG. 81B illustrates an implementation in which someflows may be shared across different applications or services that arenot subject to subscription, so that conditional access solutionprotection is not necessary, and no system information-based servicediscovery is needed (e.g., there is a single/shared pipe flow ID for thedifferent applications). Such applications require no dedicated flow IDassignment, and therefore may share the same flow ID on the timedivision multiplex to file delivery pipe.

As a third example, FIG. 81C illustrates an organization in which thefile delivery pipe scheduling algorithm on the file ingestion system maybe configured with additional flexibility of scheduling different filesat the same time, with smaller files being transmitted at lower datarates, without interrupting the transmission of larger files asillustrated in FIG. 82 A/B, so long as the aggregate type resources arenot exceeded. That is, different and separate pipe flow IDs may be usedsuch that small files can be scheduled in the same pipe as a way toprevent interruption of larger file transmissions. In such animplementation, a file delivery pipe may be configured with multipleflow IDs to accommodate multiple simultaneous transmissions.

With the introduction of multiple file delivery pipes, issues ofconcurrent perception of files on the receiver devices may arise. Thisis illustrated in FIGS. 78 A/B, 79A, and 80, which illustrate a systemin which multiple pipes are available, and therefore multiple files maybe transmitted at the same time, one via each pipe (assuming devices canhave access to content from different providers that use differentpipes).

FIGS. 82A and 82B illustrate an alternative to handling transmissions ofsmall files along with large files. As previously mentioned, thebroadcast network with file delivery pipes will need a way to associatefiles to pipes and schedule the file broadcasts. A combination ofprovisioning and input parameters may be used by the file ingestionsystem scheduler to associate files to pipes and schedule theirtransmission. In various embodiments, the pipes may be provisioned withlocation reach (i.e., where the pipe files are broadcast) to the pipes.In various embodiments, applications/services may have a geographicaspect. For example, a weather application that uses file systemabstraction may define file names in directories as /weaApp/East/NYC/ or/weaApp/West/LA/. In such cases, the provisioning of files for theweather application might be /weaApp/East/ on pipe X on a wide multiplexthat will be broadcast in the eastern part of the United States and/weaApp/West/ on pipe Y on a wide multiplex that will be broadcast inthe western part of the United States. In various embodiments, there maybe priority pipes (e.g., for low latency application files). In variousembodiments, multiple pipes may target different file sizes and latencyrequirements (e.g., 15 minutes, 1 minutes, and 30 seconds). In variousembodiments, the file ingestion system may have access to pipeprovisioning information. In various embodiments, on receiving files tobroadcast, the file ingestion system may schedule files: on theappropriate pipe based on provisioned geographical reach and policy; oron the pipe that is most suitable to ensure the latency requirement. Invarious embodiments, the file ingestion system may schedule filesdepending on the size of the file. For example, the file ingestionsystem may pick a low bandwidth pipe or select a flow ID on a fat pipethat schedules the transmission at a low data rate. In an embodiment,the file ingestion system may split the transmission of a larger file ona fat pipe, as illustrated in FIGS. 82A and 82B. Such a disjointtransmission may break the transmission window for a file into multipledisjoint windows separated by the transmission of other files, asillustrated in FIG. 82B. In various embodiments, the BSM may includefeatures and information to describe such disjoint transmissions. Invarious embodiments, the receiver device may be configured to collectthe files from among the different disjoint windows.

Thus, in various embodiments, the file ingestion system may include ascheduler that tries to schedule files at the same time (in differentpipes) based upon a combination of provisioning and input parameters(e.g., files that are available to devices of different wirelesscarriers can be scheduled at the same time). Alternatively, thescheduler may plan multiple transmissions of files that may betransmitted concurrently as a way to allow devices which elected toreceive one of the concurrent files in a first transmission to stillreceive the other file on a second transmission.

In the various embodiments, the file ingestion system may provisionfiles based upon the broadcast reach of each file's data pipe (i.e., thegeographic area where the file delivery pipes can be received). That is,applications and services making use of these file delivery capabilitiesmay have various geographic considerations. For example, a weatherapplication that uses file system abstraction may define filenames anddirectories that identify regions for which the forecast file ispertinent. Thus, the file ingestion system may use the weatherapplication file names to provision each weather application file toparticular file delivery pipes based upon whether the file delivery pipewill deliver files to be indicated region. For example, a file with thefile directory string “/weaApp/East/NYC/” may be directed to a filedelivery pipe within a wide multiplex that will be broadcast in theeastern part of the United States, while a file with the file directorystring “/weaApp/West/LA/” may be directed to a file delivery pipe withina wide multiplex that will be broadcast in the eastern part of theUnited States.

Policy considerations may also be used to define the how the files getprovisioned to a particular set of file delivery pipes. For example, avideo clip delivery application may organize its files in filedirectories according to the source of the video clips, such as“/clipApp/ABC/abc/” and“/clipApp/ABC/Disney/ for files of video clips onABC channels ABC and Disney,” while “/clipApp/ESPN/espn/” and“/clipApp/ESPN/espn2/” for files of video clips on ESPN channels. Soorganized, policy considerations may direct that files from ABC shouldbe provision onto file delivery pipe 1, while ESPN video clip filesshould be provision onto file delivery pipe 2.

Provisioning of files to particular file delivery pipes may also dependupon a time diversity requirements. For example, small files may betransmitted multiple times, with some time separation betweenretransmissions, to enable higher reception reliability, or transmittedat lower data rates over longer periods of time.

The various embodiments, the file ingestion system may have access tothe file delivery pipe provisioning information. Upon receiving filesfor transport via the broadcast network, the file ingestion system mayprovision received files to the appropriate file delivery pipe basedupon geographic reach and policy considerations. Additionally oralternatively, the file ingestion system may provision received file tofile delivery pipes to ensure the latency requirement specified for thereceive files is satisfied. Additionally or alternatively, the fileingestion system may provision received files to file delivery pipesdepending upon the size of the file, picking a low bandwidth pipe, orselecting a flow ID on a high-bandwidth (“fat”) file delivery pipe andspecifying a low data rate transmission, is illustrated in FIG. 81C.

Additionally, the file ingestion system may schedule large files fortransmission in a disjoint manner, as illustrated in FIG. 82B, such thata large file may be broken into multiple disjoint transmission windowsso that other smaller files may be transmitted in between. Informationregarding the organization of disjoint transmission windows may beincluded in the broadcast schedule message to enable receiver devices toreceive the file portions from the different disjoint broadcast windowsand reassemble the file portions into the original file upon reception.The file delivery pipe data rate and the size of each file may be usedto define the broadcast window for all files scheduled within aparticular file delivery pipe.

FIG. 83A illustrates an example method 8300 that may be implementedwithin the file ingestion system to allocate received files to filedelivery pipes according to an embodiment. In method 8300 in step 8302,the file ingestion system may determine the file delivery pipeidentifiers such as bandwidth characteristics (e.g., data rate) andpolicy limitations. In step 8304, the file ingestion system may use thisknowledge regarding the available file delivery pipes to allocatereceived files to particular file delivery pipes. As described above,this allocation of files to delivery pipes may be based on the multiplecoverage areas (e.g., to ensure the files are delivered to thegeographic area encompassing targeted receiver devices), file latencylimitations (i.e. file urgency), file size, pipe data rate, and otherpolicy considerations. Once the files have been allocated to particulardelivery pipes, the file ingestion system may determine the broadcastschedules (i.e., broadcast windows) for the files being carried by eachfile delivery pipe according to the requested quality of transport instep 8306. As discussed above, the broadcast schedules may be based uponthe broadcast duration for each file, which may be determined bydividing the file size by the file delivery pipe data rate. Files may bescheduled for broadcast within a broadcast scheduling period based upontheir relative urgency, such as by broadcasting the more urgent filesearlier in the period. In step 8308, the file ingestion service mayinclude the file delivery pipe ID in the broadcast schedule messagealong with the file identifiers, file broadcast windows, fileparameters, etc. In step 8310, the file ingestion system may direct thebroadcast system to broadcast the broadcast schedule message in abroadcast schedule flow, and in step 8312, cause the broadcast system tobegin transmitting files via the identified file delivery pipes inaccordance with the broadcast windows specified in the broadcastschedule message.

FIG. 83B illustrates an example method 8350 for a scheduler whichsupports scheduling files for transmission over multiple pipes. Such ascheduler selectively allows files to be simultaneously transmitted overmultiple pipes according to schedule constraints provided at the time ofthe file ingestion as part of the file ingestion process. The multi-pipescheduler may address multiple overlapping cases, includingnon-overlapping situations in which a single instance of the file arescheduled across multi-pipes, overlapping multi-files in which twoinstances of different files overlap, and overlapping single-file caseswhere two instances of the same file overlap, which may be used to pushfiles with tight transmission deadlines or to send different instancesof the same file in different lanes. Referring to FIG. 83B, a multi-pipescheduler may compute a set of residual files (R) at a start time,subtract deleted files from the residual files, include additional filesin the residual files, compute directory files and include them inwithin the residual files in step 8352.

The scheduler may calculate the schedule window (SW) for the firstinstance of each directory and file to be scheduled in step 8354. Instep 8356, the scheduler may then select the available file instance Kwith the earliest schedule window in time, breaking ties in favor ofdirectory information files. The scheduler may then create ghostbroadcast windows and decoding duration windows for currently schedulingconstraints in step 8358. In step 8360, the scheduler may selectindividual files based on the calculations shown in FIG. 83B. in 8362step scheduled may then select the lane or pipe with the earliestschedulable time. In doing so, it may select among equals by choosingthe lane with a minimum gap between the schedule window start time andthe previously scheduled file. If this results in a tie, the schedulermay pick one randomly.

In determination step 8364, the scheduler may determine whether thebroadcast window overlaps with existing broadcast windows and decodedurations (if any). If so (i.e., determination step 8364=“YES”), thescheduler may advance the decode window and time of the kth instance ofa file j to the time of the overlap delivery window in step 8366, andreturn to picking the next instance k of file j in step 8360. If thereis no broadcast window overlaps (i.e., determination step 8364=“NO”),the scheduler may update the available file instances in step 8368, anddetermine whether the decode window and time of the kth instance of filej falls out of the schedule window of any available file instances indetermination step 8370. If so (i.e., determination step 8370=“YES”),the scheduler may discard changes and indicate that the scheduling hasfailed in step 8372. If not (i.e., determination step 8370=“NO”), thescheduler may determine whether the current instance of file j is lessthan the number of direct instances in the file directory indetermination step 8374. If not (i.e., determination step 8374=“NO”),the scheduler may remove the file from the residual files in step 8380.In determination step 8382, the scheduler may determine whether theresidual files are empty. If the residual files are now empty (i.e.,determination step 8382=“YES”), the scheduler may commit the changes andindicate that scheduling has succeeded in step 8384. If the residualfiles are not empty (i.e., determination step 8382=“NO”), the schedulermay return to step 8356 to select the available file instance with theearliest schedule window end time.

If the scheduler determines that the instance K is less than the filedirectory number of instances (i.e., determination step 8374=“YES”), thescheduler may set the current instance to one and fragment the file andadjust other fragment deadlines in step 8376. The schedule may thencalculate the scheduled time and calculate the schedule window for theKth instance of file j in step 8378, before returning to step 8356 toselect the available file instance with the earliest schedule window andtime.

A file content provider may use a sendFileRequest operation to providefiles to the file ingestion system. The sendFileRequest operation mayinclude a mechanism to identify the file submitted for transmission(e.g., via fileFetchInfo), and a mechanism to define different deliverycriteria or transmission requirements for each file or group of files.Files may be identified based upon a content URL which provides thelocation from which the file can be retrieved for broadcast. The fileidentification may also identify additional parameters that furtherassign or associate context to/with the file being ingested, such as afilename that could be used to indicate the directory for the file in anapplication directory structure (e.g., /itv/res/svc_(—)5/f1.jpg), and anattribute list that may provide parameters that characterize the file(e.g., Genre=Drama, Gender=Male; Age=20-30, etc.) These additionalparameters can be transported in the broadcast schedule message to allowreceiver applications implemented on the receiver devices to identifyfiles being broadcast that should be captured.

Whether the attribute list is carried in a cat.xml or directly in thebroadcast schedule message is a function of what service is desired bythe application submitting the file. If the submitting applicationprefers to manage a catalog file, such as to provide a catalog file tothe user to enable receiver devices to better select the files todownload, the application can manage the catalog file and provide logicin the receiver devices (e.g., in the device application that isintended to receive the file) regarding how to use the catalog. If theapplication needs to have a simple implementation for less capablereceiver devices or receiver devices not configured with thecorresponding device application, it can rely on the broadcast schedulemessage to deliver the attribute list using the methods described above.

FIG. 84 illustrates functional modules that may be implemented within areceiver device 10 suitable for implementing the various embodiments.Software modules of a receiver device 10 may be organized in a softwarearchitecture 8400 similar to that illustrated in FIG. 84. Broadcasttransmissions may be received by a receiver device physical layer andprocessed by a broadcast receiver module, such as a FLO transportnetwork module 8401. Video and audio streams received by the filetransport network 8401 may be processed by a media receiver module (notshown). File transfer streams received on the file transport network8401 may be provided to and processed by a file manager module 44, whichfunctions to receive file packets and direct them to appropriate modulesand applications within the device software architecture 8400. Overheaddata streams may be passed to an overhead data acquisition module 8408,which functions to process overhead data packets and direct receivedmetadata and overhead data to appropriate modules within the devicesystem architecture 8400. A Service SI acquisition module 8407 mayacquire the Service SI data from the overhead data streams, and forwardthis information to the file delivery system module 44 and overhead dataacquisition module 8408. From received Service SI data, the filedelivery system module 44 may determine flow IDs for file data flowscarrying interactivity resources data. From received Service SI data,the overhead data acquisition module 8408 may determine signaling flowscarrying interactivity signaling data. To support interactivity events,the device software architecture 8400 may include a file receptionservice 8402 which serves as an interface between the user interface(UI) applications 8404 and the file transport network 8401 forreceiving, managing and storing interactivity events. Together theinteractivity service 8402 and UI applications 8404 may be organized asthe interactivity application 8502. The user interface applicationmodule 8404 may include a number of interactivity applications, and auser agent.

In the various embodiments, the file delivery service module 44 mayprovide a number of services to device applications. A single filecapture service may allow a device application to request the capture ofa single file. To do so, the device application provides the filedelivery service module 44 with the application-specific file name, suchas in a request like singeCapture(/itv/res/svc_(—)5/f2.jpg).

As discussed above, another service that may be provided by the filedelivery service module 44 is a continuous file capture service whichallows a device application to request the continuous capture of updatesof a single filename, or all files under a given directory. A deviceapplication may specify an application-specific filename in a captureall requests to indicate that all updates of the specified file shouldbe received. A common use for this service would be to track changes inan application overhead file, such as a catalog file. For example, toreceive all updates of an interactivity application catalog file, theapplication could issue a captureAll (/itv/sig/cat.xml) request. Andevice application may specify an application-specific directory whenthe application is interested in receiving all files in that directoryare not currently stored on the receiver device. In most cases, thiswill be all new files under the desired directory. For example, in aweather application, such a request could be captureAll (/weaApp/NYC/)to request the download of all files with a NYC sub-directory file name.Unlike the single file capture service, the capture all servicecontinues monitoring for new transmissions of the requested file or newfiles under a specified directory. This service depends upon the filetransport network incapable of signaling when new files are availablefor reception, or when a new version of the file is available. Suchinformation may be provided in the broadcast schedule message in theform of a new file name, or the same file name with an updated versionnumber included in the file metadata. The file delivery service module44 on the receiver device may be configured to keep track of the versionof files stored in memory, and track the version information provided inthe broadcast schedule message to avoid receiving the same file mobiletimes, since doing so would drain the device battery unnecessarily.

As illustrated in FIG. 85, device applications, such as a service iconapplication 8501, and interactivity application 8502, and anMulti-Presentation list View (MPV) application 8503, may specify filesto be acquired along with the type of file acquisition to be performed(i.e., captureOnce or autoCapture). In order to identify the file nameor file extension, the device applications may receive such informationfrom a channel system information (SI) 8504 and/or a service SI 8505,8506 which is provided as part of an overhead broadcast transmission.Some device applications may also be supported by a subscription manager8507, which may be an application that manages the registration andsubscriptions to broadcast services subscribed to by various deviceapplications.

A third service that may be offered in the file delivery service module44 is a cancel service which allows a device application to cancel thesingle capture of a file (singleCapture) or cancel a continuous captureof a file or directory (captureAll). When activated, the cancel servicestops the file delivery service module 44 from trying to acquire filesassociated with the original request is canceled.

FIG. 86 illustrates an example data schema 8600 that may be used forfiles in a catalog of files scheduled for broadcast according to anembodiment. As shown in FIG. 86, a catalog file 8601 may comprise fileinformation 8602 which itself may comprise a file name data field 8603,and optional filtering attributes data field 8604, and an optionalapplication parameters data field 8605. The file name data field 8604may include a fully qualified abstract file name such as a file namestring including a root directory and subdirectories. The optionalfiltering attribute data field 8604 may include additional informationuseful for filtering, such as a subdirectory, file type or fileextension, or other suitable file description parameter. The optionalapplication parameters data field 8605 may include information regardingthe application for which the data file is intended, which may be usefulfor determining whether the individual file should be received.

To provide the file capture services, the file delivery service module44 uses the information provided in the broadcast schedule message todetermine which files to receive and when to receive them. FIG. 87Aillustrates an embodiment method 8700 a that a processor or integratedreceiver/processor chip of a receiver device may implement in responseto receiving singleCapture service file download request from the deviceapplication. In method 8700 a at step 8702, the processor of thereceiver device may receive a file download request from a deviceapplication (i.e., an application operating within a processor of thereceiver device).

As described above, the broadcast schedule message includes the name ofthe file that will be broadcast, along with the information that thefile delivery service module 44 needs in order to select files forreception. So, in step 8704, the file delivery device module 44implemented within the processor monitors the received broadcastschedule messages. Step 8704 may involve momentarily activating thereceiver circuitry of the receiver device long enough to receive abroadcast schedule message from the overhead flow, as well as processingthe received a broadcast schedule message to obtain its includedinformation. In step 8706, the processor may obtain the name of the fileor files that will be broadcast (including their file extensions). Asmentioned above, such filenames that were file extensions may beincluded within the broadcast schedule records (BSRs) of the broadcastschedule message. In step 8708, the processor may compare the file nameor file extensions string obtained from the broadcast schedule messageto the file name or file extension specified by the requesting deviceapplication provided in step 8702. In determination step 8710, theprocessor may determine whether there is a match between the file nameor file extension specified in the broadcast schedule message and thatrequested by the device application. If there is no match (i.e.,determination step 8710=“No”), the processor may wait until the timeindicated in the broadcast schedule message that the broadcast schedulemessage will be updated in step 8711. As described above, the samebroadcast schedule message may be broadcast repeatedly until an updatetime. By specifying in the broadcast schedule message when an updatedmessage will be broadcast, receiver devices can conserve battery powerby leaving their receiver circuitry deactivated until a new broadcastschedule message is being transmitted. When the current time equals theidentify broadcast schedule message update time, the processor mayreturn to step 8704 to receive and process the updated broadcastschedule message.

If the processor determines that the file name or file extensionspecified in the broadcast schedule message matches the file name orextension specified by the device application in step 8702 (i.e.,determination step 8710=“Yes”), the processor may schedule a receptionof the matching file. This may be accomplished by obtaining from thebroadcast schedule message the broadcast time and reception information(e.g., a flow ID, an IP flow identifier by an IP address, and/or a UDPport number) for the matched file in step 8712, and scheduling receptionof the matched file based upon broadcast time in step 8714. Schedulingreception of the matched file may be accomplished in determination step8716, for example, by storing the obtained broadcast time in a memoryregister that is frequently compared to the current time in order togenerate an interrupt to initiate the file reception routine when thecurrent time matches the time stored in the memory. While the currenttime does not match the scheduled broadcast time (i.e., determinationstep 8716=“No”), the processor may execute step 8711 to wait for thetime when the broadcast schedule message is updated, since the receptionprocessing of broadcast schedule messages (as described above withrespect to steps 8704 through 8711) may continue in parallel. Justbefore the scheduled broadcast time (i.e., when determination step8716=“Yes”), the processor may wake up the receiver device receivercircuitry in step 8718, and receive the selected file from theadvertised transport stream in step 8720. As part of step 8720, the filedelivery service module 44 operating within the processor may store thereceived file in memory as described above and, in some embodiments,note its version number. In step 8722, file delivery service module 44operating within the processor may pass the received file to therequesting application using processes described above, which fulfillsthe original application request. After receiving the file, theprocessor may deactivate the receiver circuitry and return to step 8711to wait for the time when the broadcast schedule message will beupdated.

When the device application requests a file download using thesingleCapture service, one or more specific file names may be specifiedby the device application in step 8702. Once the specified file has beenreceived and stored in memory and/or passed to the requesting deviceapplication, the file download request may be canceled by the processorso that subsequent broadcasts of the same file are not received.

When information regarding files being transported via the broadcastnetwork is identified in a catalog file provided by the headend sideapplication submitting the files for transport, the catalog file mayinclude the information identified in the data schema shown in FIG. 86.Using the information provided in such a catalog file, a deviceapplication may specify files for capture based on their filenames whena file system abstraction is used, and/or filtering attributes which maybe associated with each file. An application on the receiver device maythen use the received catalog file in combination with information knownto the application (such as the receiver device user's gender and age)to select for download files whose attributes match those of thereceiver device or the user. Since the file name may be included in thecatalog file, a device application may request capture of a file usingits file name in a singleCapture operation.

FIG. 87B illustrates an embodiment method 8700 b that may be implementedwithin a processor of the receiver device to accomplish the capture allservice. When the device application requests a file download using thecontinuous capture request service (e.g., autoCapture(itv/sig/cat.xml)or autoCapture(itv:1)), such as to continue to receive all updates for aparticular file, the operations described above with reference to FIG.87A may be performed with the exception that the file download requestis not automatically canceled once a matching file has been received andstored in memory. Since the file download request remains active, theprocessor may continue to receive files matching the file extensioncriteria. In order to conserve battery power by avoiding reception ofredundant files (since files may be broadcast multiple times to ensurereliable reception) the processor may perform the additionaldetermination step 8713 of comparing the file name or version number fora matched file specified in the broadcast schedule message to the filename and/or version number stored in memory. If the matched file has thesame file name, file ID/Element ID) or version number as a file storedin memory (i.e., determination step 8713=“Yes”), there is no need toreceive the file again, so the processor may proceed to step 8711 towait until the broadcast schedule message is updated. However, if thefile name, file ID/Element_ID or version number of the matched fileidentified in the broadcast schedule message has a different file nameor version number than that stored in memory (i.e., determination step8713=“No”), the processor may proceed to schedule the reception of theidentified file by proceeding to steps 8712 through 8722 as describedabove with reference to FIG. 87A. Since the file delivery request is notcanceled automatically upon reception of the matching file, the filedelivery service module 44 operating within the processor may continueto monitor the broadcast schedule message and capture all matching fileupdates as long as the request remains active.

The use of file name abstractions for file delivery via a broadcastsystem, unicast network, or a combination of broadcast and unicastnetworks enables a file delivery service that is simple to deploy.Applications using such communication networks can be easier to developsince familiar file extension concepts may be utilized. The variousembodiments may be implemented within existing broadcast systems byproviding a headend system for ingesting files (e.g., a file ingestionsystem) and naming files for broadcast as part of paths in a filesystem. The file ingestion system provides interfaces for ingestingfiles, schedules file transport opportunities (if transmitted over abroadcast network), and advertises the available files to devices viasome solution specific signaling mechanism, such as a broadcast schedulemessage overhead flow in a broadcast network. Within receiver devices, afile delivery service module may be implemented, such as in a softwareupdate, to understand the headend signaling and receive deviceapplication requests to capturing broadcast files, as well as maintainappropriate state information to avoid duplicate file receptions and todetect file updates. In such a system, device application development issimplified since the applications only need to know their root directoryand application-specific subdirectory organization to specify files forreception from the broadcast service. Applications can then request thatfiles be captured without requiring further discovery mechanisms orknowledge of the broadcast system, such as system information. The filecapture request may be made via a registration process or through anapplication-to-file delivery framework interface or API. For applicationdevelopers, this file extension paradigm is analogous to requestingaccess to files on a file system, or fetching files via a file transferprotocol as FTP.

A broadcast file transport network transmitting overhead information inthe form of a broadcast schedule message provides information toreceiving devices regarding the files that will be broadcast, as well asadditional information to associate context to each file (e.g., adirectory name on an application directory space, or a list of attributecharacteristics, etc.). Such context information may be used byreceiving devices to select for reception from the different filebroadcasts being advertised those files which are relevant to a serviceor application resident on the receiver device. File ID and/or ElementID information provided in the broadcast schedule message may also allowthe receiver devices to determine whether a file is a new file or anupdate to a previously received file. The broadcast schedule messageconstruct supports describing aliasing of application file names orattribute strings. The broadcast schedule message construct also allowsidentifying the type of file being transported, e.g., a single fileversus bundles of files. Using information available in the broadcastschedule message, or optionally, a file delivery catalog system,receiver devices can identify for reception (i.e. filter and select)files of interest for reception, so that the receiver circuitry isactivated only to receive those files which are useful to applicationsresident on the receiver devices.

A file ingestion system enables the ingestion of files for transportover a broadcast network by enabling file content providers to identifyand characterize the files, and define transmission requirements thatdictate how timely and how reliably the files need to be carried overthe shared, and often scarce, broadcast resources. Timeliness andreceiver battery constraints may require that the broadcast system onlyadvertise a small amount of schedule information at a time. A schedulingfunctionality of the file ingestion system may accommodate new filetransmission requirements by balancing those requirements against thefile transmission requirements of previously ingested files. Further,the file ingestion system may be configured to ensure that a flow offresh schedule information, such as in the form of regularly updatedbroadcast schedule message messages, is timely made available toreceiver devices, and that the files are transmitted per the advertisedschedule.

To enable the efficient transmission of files within limited broadcastresources, file delivery may be organized into file delivery pipes as amechanism to conceptually capture the resource allocation for thetransport of files on a broadcast network. Different strategies may beimplemented to adjust multiple pipe configurations and provisioning tobind application files to pipes when applications use the file systemabstraction described herein. Scheduling algorithms may make use thedifferent pipe configurations to satisfy application deliveryrequirements within the bandwidth and operating conditions of thebroadcast network.

The various embodiments provide a number of advantages and usefulfeatures with respect to broadcasting, receiving and handling files.These include, a mechanism for naming files using a file systemabstraction when delivering files over a broadcast distribution system,a mechanism for signaling file names as a means of identifying fileswhen submitting them for ingestion and transport over a broadcastdelivery system, mechanisms for requesting download of files from abroadcast delivery system that describes available files via a filesystem abstraction, and a mechanism for binding files to a file deliveryapplication based on directory and subdirectories associated with theapplication.

The file delivery framework (FDF) provides a flexible mechanism todeliver files to devices in the background. It has the following keydesign goals: flexible file broadcast schedule—the file broadcastwindows can be dynamically scheduled and signaled to the devices;scalable with large number of applications—it can multiplex data frommultiple applications into the same flow to significantly reduce thenumber of data flows in the system; and Power efficiency—the device onlyconsumes energy in selectively receiving the data the user is interestedin.

The broadcast schedule message provides a mechanism of advertising theschedule for the transmission of files over the broadcast network thatassociates files to services or applications via file names, attributes,and application/service identifiers. The broadcast schedule message mayalso identify whether a file being broadcast is a new, updated or arepeated file, so that receiver devices can be configured to capture asingle or all updated versions of a file. The broadcast schedule messagemay signal the transport stream where the file can be received, inaddition to the broadcast windows and identification of possiblemultiple instances of when a file may be broadcast. The broadcastschedule message may also identify when the broadcast schedule messagewill be updated with new schedule information. The broadcast schedulemessage may also describe application/service IDs and aliasinginformation for the files being transported. The broadcast schedulemessage may advertise only an unchangeable portion of the file broadcastschedule information at a time in order to balance content freshnessagainst battery impact on receiver devices.

Various embodiments also provide a mechanism that enables receiverdevices to discover the broadcast network transport technology, thefrequency used, the portion of the transport in a given frequency, andthe transport stream in that technology and frequency that provides thedelivery schedule information for files transmitted over a broadcasttechnology. Receiver devices may make use of the advertised scheduleprovided in the broadcast schedule message to select files for receptionbased on the service or application to which the file is associated, andwhether the file is new or an update to a previously received file.

The various embodiments may include dedicating broadcast transmissionresources for the multiplexed transport of files of different deliveryand different geographical coverage requirements, the partitioning ofresources available for file transport across different file deliverypipes in order to address different delivery requirements, differentreceiver constraints, or provide traffic separation. Different classesof files may be bound to a set of file delivery pipes in order to meetdifferent delivery requirements, different receiver constraints, orprovide traffic separation. Transport streams carrying different filesmay be multiplexed such that the dedicated resources for file transportare utilized to the limit. Transport streams may be further configuredto enable transport of a file over different discontinuous transmissionsto allow for the interleaving of smaller files. Classes of files may bebound to a set of resources in order to meet different deliveryrequirements, different receiver constraints, or provide trafficseparation. Files may be allocated to file delivery pipes based on thefile delivery requirements, the available file delivery pipes, thebinding classes of files to a set of resources. Applications andservices on the sender side may use a file delivery service of abroadcast system to construct an overhead file, a catalog file, listingall the files that the application is making available for broadcast orother (e.g., unicast) transport along with application-specificattributes.

The file ingestion system may receive and transport catalog files fromfile content providers along with along other application specificfiles, and receiver devices may be configured to select files werereception based upon the information in such catalog files. Applicationsresident on receiver devices may use updated catalog file to determinethe files of interest based on application-specific logic applied overthe available attributes characterizing each file that are listed in thecatalog.

FIG. 88 is a system block diagram of a receiver device suitable for usewith any of the embodiments. A typical receiver device 8800 may includea processor 8801 coupled to internal memory 8802, a display 8803, and toa speaker 8854. Additionally, the receiver device 8800 may include anantenna 8804 for sending and receiving electromagnetic radiation thatmay be connected to a wireless data link and/or cellular telephonetransceiver 8805 coupled to the processor 8801 and a mobile multimediabroadcast receiver 8806 coupled to the processor 8801. Receiver devices8800 typically also include menu selection buttons or rocker switches8808 for receiving user inputs.

The various embodiment methods for receiving and processinginteractivity event signaling messages may be performed by themultimedia broadcast receiver 8824 and portions of the processor 8801and memory 8802. Alternatively dedicated modules within or coupled tothe multimedia broadcast receiver 8824 may perform the embodimentmethods.

The various embodiments on the broadcast side described above may beimplemented on any of a variety of commercially available serverdevices, such as the server 8900 illustrated in FIG. 89. Such a server8900 typically includes a processor 8901 coupled to volatile memory 8902and a large capacity nonvolatile memory, such as a disk drive 8903. Theserver 8900 may also include a floppy disc drive, compact disc (CD) orDVD disc drive 8906 coupled to the processor 8901. The server 8900 mayalso include network access ports 8904 coupled to the processor 8901 forestablishing data connections with a network 8905, such as a local areanetwork coupled to other broadcast system computers and servers.

The processors 8801, 8901 may be any programmable microprocessor,microcomputer or multiple processor chip or chips that can be configuredby software instructions (applications) to perform a variety offunctions, including the functions of the various embodiments describedbelow. In some mobile receiver devices, multiple processors 8901 may beprovided, such as one processor dedicated to wireless communicationfunctions and one processor dedicated to running other applications.Typically, software applications may be stored in the internal memory8802, 8902, 8903 before they are accessed and loaded into the processor8801, 8901. The processor 8801, 8901 may include internal memorysufficient to store the application software instructions.

The foregoing method descriptions and the process flow diagrams areprovided merely as illustrative examples and are not intended to requireor imply that the steps of the various embodiments must be performed inthe order presented. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the artthe order of steps in the foregoing embodiments may be performed in anyorder. Words such as “thereafter,” “then,” “next,” etc. are not intendedto limit the order of the steps; these words are simply used to guidethe reader through the description of the methods. Further, anyreference to claim elements in the singular, for example, using thearticles “a,” “an” or “the” is not to be construed as limiting theelement to the singular.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, andalgorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosedherein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, orcombinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability ofhardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules,circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms oftheir functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented ashardware or software depends upon the particular application and designconstraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans mayimplement the described functionality in varying ways for eachparticular application, but such implementation decisions should not beinterpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the presentinvention.

The hardware used to implement the various illustrative logics, logicalblocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspectsdisclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purposeprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) orother programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic,discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed toperform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor maybe a microprocessor, but, in the alternative, the processor may be anyconventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. Aprocessor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices,e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality ofmicroprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSPcore, or any other such configuration. Alternatively, some steps ormethods may be performed by circuitry that is specific to a givenfunction.

In one or more exemplary aspects, the functions described may beimplemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on ortransmitted over as one or more instructions or code on acomputer-readable medium. The steps of a method or algorithm disclosedherein may be embodied in a processor-executable software module whichmay reside on a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium. Tangible, non-transitory computer-readable storage media may beany available media that may be accessed by a computer. By way ofexample, and not limitation, such, non-transitory computer-readablemedia may comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical diskstorage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or anyother medium that may be used to store desired program code in the formof instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by acomputer. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD),laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, andblu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, whilediscs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the aboveshould also be included within the scope of, non-transitorycomputer-readable media. Additionally, the operations of a method oralgorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and/orinstructions on a tangible, non-transitory machine readable mediumand/or computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into acomputer program product.

The preceding description of the disclosed embodiments is provided toenable any person skilled in the art to make or use the presentinvention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readilyapparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles definedherein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from thespirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is notintended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to beaccorded the widest scope consistent with the following claims and theprinciples and novel features disclosed herein.

1. A method for delivering files to a receiver device over a broadcastdistribution system, comprising: generating file names for files to bebroadcast over the broadcast distribution system using a file systemabstraction that defines filenames and directories for each of the filesto be broadcast as belonging to an application-specific directorystructure; scheduling the files to be broadcast for transmission via afile delivery data flow within the broadcast distribution system;generating a broadcast schedule message indicating when files will bebroadcast within a broadcast scheduling period, generated file names forthe files to be broadcast, information regarding those files, and ascheduled broadcast time window for each file; broadcasting thegenerated broadcast schedule message via the broadcast distributionsystem; and broadcasting the files to be broadcast including thegenerated file names via the file delivery data flow of the broadcastdistribution system in accordance with the scheduled broadcast windowsincluded within the broadcast schedule message.
 2. The method of claim1, wherein generating file names for the files to be broadcast over thebroadcast distribution system comprises signaling the generated filenames of the files to be broadcast in a manner that uniquely identifiesthe files to be broadcast for scheduling and broadcast over thebroadcast distribution system.
 3. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising requesting, by the receiver device, specific files to bedownloaded from the broadcast distribution system, the requestindicating specific files requested using the file system abstraction.4. The method of claim 1, further comprising binding the files to bebroadcast to a file delivery application based on a directory and asubdirectory associated with the file delivery application.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein broadcasting the generated broadcast schedulemessage comprises advertising a schedule for transmission of files overthe broadcast distribution system in a manner that associates files withservices or applications via the generated file names.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein broadcasting the generated broadcast schedule messagecomprises advertising a schedule for broadcast of files over thebroadcast distribution system that associates attributes with a filebeing broadcast.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein broadcasting thegenerated broadcast schedule message comprises advertising a schedulefor broadcast of files over the broadcast distribution system thatassociates application identifiers with a file being broadcast.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, wherein broadcasting the generated broadcast schedulemessage comprises advertising a schedule for broadcast of files over thebroadcast distribution system that identifies whether a file beingbroadcast is a new, updated or repeated file.
 9. The method of claim 8,further comprising using in the receiver device the broadcast schedulemessage and an associated identification of a new, updated or repeatedfile to capture a single file broadcast.
 10. The method of claim 8,further comprising using in the receiver device the broadcast schedulemessage and an associated identification of a new, updated or repeatedfile to continuously capture updates to a single file.
 11. The method ofclaim 8, further comprising using in the receiver device the broadcastschedule message and an associated identification of a new, updated orrepeated file to continuously capture new files under a directory. 12.The method of claim 1, wherein broadcasting the generated broadcastschedule message comprises advertising a schedule for broadcast of filesover the broadcast distribution system that signals where the file canbe received.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein broadcasting thegenerated broadcast schedule message comprises advertising a schedulefor broadcast of files over the broadcast distribution system thatsignals multiple instances of when files will be broadcast.
 14. Themethod of claim 1, wherein broadcasting the generated broadcast schedulemessage comprises advertising a schedule for broadcast of files over thebroadcast distribution system that indicates when delivery scheduleinformation will be updated with new schedule information.
 15. Themethod of claim 1, wherein broadcasting the generated broadcast schedulemessage comprises advertising a schedule for broadcast of files over thebroadcast distribution system that describes application identifieraliasing information for the files being broadcast.
 16. The method ofclaim 1, wherein broadcasting the generated broadcast schedule messagecomprises advertising a schedule for broadcast of files over thebroadcast distribution system that describes service identifier aliasinginformation for the files being broadcast.
 17. The method of claim 1,wherein broadcasting the generated broadcast schedule message comprisesadvertising a schedule for broadcast of files over the broadcastdistribution system that describes the files being transport as bundlesof files.
 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising discovering inthe receiver device a broadcast network transport technology, afrequency used for broadcast, a portion of the broadcast in a givenfrequency, and a transport stream in a transport technology andfrequency that provides delivery schedule information for filesbroadcast over the broadcast distribution system.
 19. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising using in the receiver device the broadcastschedule message to select from between two or more file broadcastsbeing advertised based on a service or application to which abroadcasted file is associated, and determining whether the file is newor an update to a previously received file.
 20. The method of claim 1,further comprising dedicating broadcast transmission resources of thebroadcast distribution system for multiplexed broadcast of files havingdifferent delivery and geographical coverage requirements.
 21. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: assigning delivery requirementsto each of the files to be broadcast; and partitioning files availablefor broadcast across different file delivery pipes in a manner thataddresses delivery requirements of the files.
 22. The method of claim 1,further comprising: receiving various receiver constraints from thereceiver device; and partitioning files available for broadcast acrossdifferent file delivery pipes in a manner that addresses the variousreceiver constraints.
 23. The method of claim 1, further comprising:partitioning files available for broadcast across different filedelivery pipes in a manner that provide traffic separation between thefiles available for broadcast.
 24. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: assigning delivery requirements to each of the files to bebroadcast; grouping the files to be broadcast into classes of files;receiving various receiver constraints from the receiver device; andbinding the classes of files to a set of file delivery pipes in a mannerthat meets the delivery requirements, various receiver constraints, andprovided traffic separation.
 25. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: multiplexing transport streams in the broadcast distributionsystem to carry different files such that dedicated resources for filetransport are maximized.
 26. The method of claim 1, further comprising:defining transport streams in the broadcast distribution system totransport a file over different discontinuous transmissions in a mannerthat allows for interleaving of smaller files.
 27. The method of claim1, further comprising: assigning delivery requirements to each of thefiles to be broadcast; grouping the files to be broadcast into classesof files; receiving various receiver constraints from the receiverdevice; and binding the classes of files to a set of resources in mannerthat meets the delivery requirements, various receiver constraints, andprovides traffic separation.
 28. The method of claim 27, furthercomprising: organizing transmission resources of the broadcastdistribution system into one or more file delivery pipes; and selectinga file delivery pipe to use for the scheduling of the files to bebroadcast based on a delivery requirement, an availability of the one ormore file delivery pipes, and the binding of the classes of files to theset of resources.
 29. The method of claim 1, wherein broadcasting thegenerated broadcast schedule message comprises advertising only anunchangeable portion of the broadcast schedule message at a time in amanner that balances content freshness and battery impact on receivers.30. The method of claim 1, further comprising: specifying broadcasttransport requirements for each of the files to be broadcast including atimeliness requirement and a robustness requirement.
 31. The method ofclaim 1, wherein files to be broadcast are received from a contentprovider that specifies broadcast transport requirements for each of thefiles and the files are broadcast on transmission resources organizedinto one or more file delivery pipes, the method further comprising:ingesting the files to be broadcast from the content provider via a fileingestion system; sending a notice from the file ingestion systemnotifying the broadcast distribution system of ingested files andbroadcast transport requirements of the ingested files; and scheduling,in the file ingestion system, times for broadcast of the ingested fileson one or more broadcast transport streams in a manner that accommodatestheir specified broadcast transport requirements while allowing formodification of scheduled broadcasts of previously ingested files in amanner that meets broadcast transport requirements of both new andpreviously ingested files.
 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the fileingestion system is configured to define attributes and associate theattributes with the ingested files such that the attributes can becarried via an overhead message in a manner that allows receiver devicesto receive the overhead message and filter through the files beingbroadcast to download only the files having desired attributes.
 33. Themethod of claim 31, wherein the file ingestion system ingests multiplefiles at one time and bundles the ingested files together such that theycan be transmitted as a single file for forward error correcting (FEC)efficiency.
 34. The method of claim 31, wherein the file ingestionsystem ingests multiple files at one time determines if the ingestedfiles may be bundled.
 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the fileingestion system ensures that all the ingested files that may not bebundled are successfully scheduled for transmission.
 36. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: controlling an amount and an updatefrequency of advertised schedule information being broadcast andtransmission of files per advertised schedule.